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arXiv:1208.5841 · Physical Review A

Radio-frequency spectroscopy of weakly bound molecules in spin-orbit-coupled atomic Fermi gases

Hui Hu, Han Pu, Jing Zhang, Shi-Guo Peng, Xia-Ji Liu

Published Nov 27, 2012• 17 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We investigate theoretically radio-frequency spectroscopy of weakly bound molecules in an ultracold spin-orbit-coupled atomic Fermi gas. We consider two cases with either equal Rashba and Dresselhaus coupling or pure Rashba coupling. The former system has been realized very recently at Shanxi University [Wang et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 095301 (2012)] and MIT [Cheuk et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 095302 (2012)]. We predict realistic radio-frequency signals for revealing the unique properties of anisotropic molecules formed by spin-orbit coupling.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.86.053627

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中国物理B：英文版•Jan 1, 2014•0 citations
We investigate theoretically radio-frequency spectroscopy of weakly bound molecules in an ultracold spin-orbit-coupled atomic Fermi gas. We consider two cases with either equal Rashba and Dresselhaus coupling or pure Rashba coupling. The former system has been realized very recently at Shanxi University [Wang et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 095301 (2012)] and MIT [Cheuk et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 095302 (2012)]. We predict realistic radio-frequency signals for revealing the unique properties of anisotropic molecules formed by spin-orbit coupling.
We theoretically investigate the momentum-resolved radio-frequency spectroscopy of a harmonically trapped atomic Fermi gas near a Feshbach resonance in the presence of equal Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling. The system is qualitatively modeled as an ideal gas mixture of atoms and molecules, in which the properties of molecules, such as the wave function, binding energy, and effective mass, are determined from the two-particle solution of two interacting atoms. We calculate separately the radio-frequency response from atoms and molecules at finite temperatures by using the standard Fermi golden rule and take into account the effect of harmonic traps within local density approximation. The total radio-frequency spectroscopy is discussed as functions of temperature and spin-orbit coupling strength. Our results give a qualitative picture of radio-frequency spectroscopy of a resonantly interacting spin-orbit-coupled Fermi gas and can be directly tested in atomic Fermi gases of 40{}^{40}40K atoms at Shanxi University and 6{}^{6}6Li atoms at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
We investigate theoretically momentum-resolved radio-frequency (rf) spectroscopy of a noninteracting atomic Fermi gas in a spin-orbit coupled lattice. This lattice configuration has been recently created at MIT [Cheuk et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 095302 (2012)] for 6{}^{6}6Li atoms, by coupling the two hyperfine spin states with a pair of Raman laser beams and additional rf coupling. Here, we show that momentum-resolved rf spectroscopy can measure single-particle energies and eigenstates and therefore resolve the band structure of the spin-orbit coupled lattice. In our calculations, we take into account the effects of temperatures and harmonic traps. Our predictions are to be confronted with future experiments on spin-orbit coupled Fermi gases of 40{}^{40}40K atoms in a lattice potential.
We briefly review recent progress on ultracold atomic Fermi gases with different types of synthetic spin-orbit coupling, including the one-dimensional (1D) equal weight Rashba-Dresselhaus and two-dimensional (2D) Rasbha spin-orbit couplings. Theoretically, we show how the single-body, two-body and many-body properties of Fermi gases are dramatically changed by spin-orbit coupling. In particular, the interplay between spin-orbit coupling and interatomic interaction may lead to several long-sought exotic superfluid phases at low temperatures, such as anisotropic superfluid, topological superfluid and inhomogeneous superfluid. Experimentally, only the first type - equal weight combination of Rasbha and Dresselhaus spin-orbit couplings - has been realized very recently using a two-photon Raman process. We show how to characterize a normal spin-orbit coupled atomic Fermi gas in both non-interacting and strongly-interacting limits, using particularly momentum-resolved radio-frequency spectroscopy. The experimental demonstration of a strongly-interacting spin-orbit coupled Fermi gas opens a promising way to observe various exotic superfluid phases in the near future.
We investigate experimentally and theoretically radio-frequency spectroscopy and pairing of a spin-orbit-coupled Fermi gas of 40{}^{40}40K atoms near a Feshbach resonance at B0=202.2{B}_{0}=202.2B0​=202.2 G. Experimentally, the integrated spectroscopy is measured, showing characteristic blue and red shifts in the atomic and molecular responses, respectively, with increasing spin-orbit coupling. Theoretically, a smooth transition from atomic to molecular responses in the momentum-resolved spectroscopy is predicted, with a clear signature of anisotropic pairing at and below resonance. Our many-body prediction agrees qualitatively well with the observed spectroscopy near the Feshbach resonance.
Interacting Fermi gases with spin-orbit coupling are responsible for many intriguing phenomena such as topological superfluids and Majorana fermions. Here we characterize theoretically fermionic pairing in a strongly interacting spin-orbit coupled Fermi gas, by using momentum-resolved radio-frequency spectroscopy. We develop a strong-coupling TTT-matrix theory and present a phase diagram near the unitary resonance limit. A smooth transition from atomic to molecular responses in the momentum-resolved spectroscopy is predicted, with a clear signature of anisotropic pairing at and below resonance. Our prediction with many-body pairing can be directly tested in a spin-orbit coupled Fermi gas of 40^{40}40K or 6^{6}6Li atoms near broad Feshbach resonances.
We create weakly bound Feshbach molecules in ultracold Fermi gas 4~K by sweeping a magnetic field across a broad Feshbach resonance point 202.2 G with a rate of 20 ms/G and perform the dissociation process using radio-frequency （RF） technology. From RF spectroscopy, we obtain the binding energy of the weakly bound molecules in the vicinity of Feshbach resonance. Our measurement also shows that the number of atoms generated from the dissociation process is different at various magnetic fields with the same RF amplitude, which gives us a deeper understanding of weakly bound Feshbach molecules.