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arXiv:1207.6080 · Physical Review A

Coherent quantum transport in photonic lattices

Armando Pérez-Leija, Robert Keil, Alastair Kay, H. M. Moya-Cessa, Stefan Nolte, L. C. Kwek, B. M. Rodríguez-Lara, Alexander Szameit, Demetrios N. Christodoulides

Published Jan 14, 2013• 182 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Transferring quantum states efficiently between distant nodes of an information processing circuit is of paramount importance for scalable quantum computing. We report on an observation of a perfect state transfer protocol on a lattice, thereby demonstrating the general concept of transporting arbitrary quantum information with high fidelity. Coherent transfer over 19 sites is realized by utilizing judiciously designed optical structures consisting of evanescently coupled waveguide elements. We provide unequivocal evidence that such an approach is applicable in the quantum regime, for both bosons and fermions, as well as in the classical limit. Our results illustrate the potential of the perfect state transfer protocol as a promising route towards integrated quantum computing on a chip.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.87.012309

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Transferring quantum states efficiently between distant nodes of an information processing circuit is of paramount importance for scalable quantum computing. We report on an observation of a perfect state transfer protocol on a lattice, thereby demonstrating the general concept of transporting arbitrary quantum information with high fidelity. Coherent transfer over 19 sites is realized by utilizing judiciously designed optical structures consisting of evanescently coupled waveguide elements. We provide unequivocal evidence that such an approach is applicable in the quantum regime, for both bosons and fermions, as well as in the classical limit. Our results illustrate the potential of the perfect state transfer protocol as a promising route towards integrated quantum computing on a chip.
We propose a quantum network consisting of optical waveguides in the linear regime for quantum state transfer. The circular topology of our network introduces novel functionalities that enable us to analytically identify the conditions under which perfect state transfer (PST) is achievable. We utilize the properties of the Fourier modes, in particular the zero Fourier modes, which provide a protected subspace for the efficient propagation of quantum states, resulting in PST to the diametrically opposite site in a network with any number of sites N=4nN = 4nN=4n. The coupling profiles in the photonic network modulate the number of zero-energy eigenmodes, with uniform couplings yielding more than evanescent ones, confirming that the expedition of observed PST originates from the collapse of the eigenvalue spectrum into three distinct eigenvalue blocks, including N/2N/2N/2 manifolds of zero Fourier modes. We investigate PST in both discrete- and continuous-variable input regimes, using single photon state, Schrödinger cat states, and two-mode squeezed vacuum state. Our findings apply to the engineering of quantum networks and photonic lattices, paving the way for applications in controlled routing in integrated quantum circuits.
We report the observation of near-perfect light wave transfer by emulating quantum state transfer on a lattice with Hamiltonian dynamics, i.e., time-dependent intersite couplings. The structure transferring a single waveguide excitation over 11 sites with a fidelity of 0.93 works for classical light as well as single photons. As our implementation of perfect quantum state transfer uses a photonic setting, we introduce polarization as a new degree of freedom to the transport protocol. We demonstrate rotation operations of up to 40° on polarization during state transfer.
Hybrid integrated quantum photonic circuits have the potential to scale up the number of quantum nodes and to build a network with distributed quantum-information-processing units at affordable resources. A central need of such systems is to have near-unity success-rate state transfer between the quantum nodes. This turns out to be a grand challenge since stringent conditions of spatial mode matching and time-reversal symmetry between the sending and receiving nodes have to be simultaneously satisfied. Here we devise a type of hybrid quantum node consisting of a single solid-state quantum system and a coupled-cavity structure toward achieving perfect state transfer between two distant nodes connected via waveguides. The hybrid node possesses flexibility in tailoring the temporal profile of the emitted single-photon wave packet without any dynamic modulation. In particular, we show it could emit time-reversal symmetric single-photon wave packets and fully couple the emission to the waveguide, fulfilling the conditions for perfect quantum state transfer. We develop a complete theoretical framework and provide a clear physical picture of the protocol for transferring a superposition state. We show ideally the simple node structures with one, two, and three chain-coupled microring resonators could lead to total success rates of 90.5%, 97.5%, and 99.3%, respectively. We then further discuss the influence of imperfections and experimental realizations of our scheme with integrated quantum photonics.
Integrated quantum photonics hold the promise to scale up the system size and form an on-chip quantum network with distributed information processing and simulation units. An outstanding need of such quantum network is to have high fidelity and efficiency on-chip state transfer between distant nodes. Although the nodes are naturally connected via waveguides, it is challenging to fulfill this need because stringent conditions such as spatial mode-matching configuration and time-reversal symmetry have to be satisfied. Here we report a type of quantum photonic nodes consisting of single quantum emitters and cascaded microring resonators for on-chip state transfer. By interfacing the node with a waveguide, we show that all the emission from the node can be funneled into the waveguide and its temporal profile can be synthesized to be time-reversal symmetric. We demonstrate theoretically on-chip quantum state transfer between two distant nodes with near-unity overall success rate can be achieved without any dynamic control. Moreover, we discuss the experimental implementation of our scheme with CMOS compatible integrated photonic platforms and solid-state quantum optics techniques.
The transfer of data is a fundamental task in information systems. Microprocessors contain dedicated data buses that transmit bits across different locations and implement sophisticated routing protocols. Transferring quantum information with high fidelity is a challenging task, due to the intrinsic fragility of quantum states. Here we report on the implementation of the perfect state transfer protocol applied to a photonic qubit entangled with another qubit at a different location. On a single device we perform three routing procedures on entangled states, preserving the encoded quantum state with an average fidelity of 97.1%, measuring in the coincidence basis. Our protocol extends the regular perfect state transfer by maintaining quantum information encoded in the polarization state of the photonic qubit. Our results demonstrate the key principle of perfect state transfer, opening a route towards data transfer for quantum computing systems.
The coherent transport of quantum states between distant qubits is one of the key milestones towards the realisation of large-scale quantum computers [1]. For static qubits, this state transfer is often envisioned to be carried out only by the internal dynamics of the system, which has the great advantage that detrimental influences of the environment are minimised. A chain of spin-1/2-qubits with ferromagnetic coupling has been suggested as an implementation of a coherent transport which is perfect in theory [2]. In this scheme, a precise engineering of the coupling strengths between adjacent spins is crucial. To date, such a quantum state transfer has only been achieved for the modest system size of three qubits, employing nuclear magnetic resonance [3]. However, this concept is by no means restricted to spin chains; it is therefore possible to resort to another physical platform, such as optics, to investigate the capabilities of the transferring Hamiltonian.