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arXiv:1207.5299 · IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)

On the physical realizability of a class of nonlinear quantum systems

Aline I. Maalouf, Ian R. Petersen

Published Dec 1, 2012• 5 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

In this paper, the physical realizability property is investigated for a class of nonlinear quantum systems. This property determines whether a given set of nonlinear quantum stochastic differential equations corresponds to a physical nonlinear quantum system satisfying the laws of quantum mechanics.
DOI
10.1109/cdc.2012.6426168

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The purpose of this paper is to address the problem of physical realizability for nnn-level quantum systems. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for quantum stochastic differential equations that ensure the existence of physical parameters characterizing the unitary evolution required by the laws of quantum mechanics. Also, these conditions guarantee the preservation of the commutation and anticommutation relations of the underlying Lie algebra su(n)su(n)su(n).
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Coherent feedback control considers purely quantum controllers in order to overcome disadvantages such as the acquisition of suitable quantum information, quantum error correction, etc. These approaches lack a systematic characterization of quantum realizability. Recently, a condition characterizing when a system described as a linear stochastic differential equation is quantum was developed. Such condition was named physical realizability, and it was developed for linear quantum systems satisfying the quantum harmonic oscillator canonical commutation relations. In this context, open two-level quantum systems escape the realm of the current known condition. When compared to linear quantum system, the challenges in obtaining such condition for such systems radicate in that the evolution equation is now a bilinear quantum stochastic differential equation and that the commutation relations for such systems are dependent on the system variables. The goal of this paper is to provide a necessary and sufficient condition for the preservation of the Pauli commutation relations, as well as to make explicit the relationship between this condition and physical realizability.
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A method for treating nonlinear stochastic systems is described which it is hoped will be useful in both the quantum-mechanical many-body problem and the theory of turbulence. In this method the true problem is replaced by models that lead to closed equations for correlation functions and averaged Green's functions. The model solutions are exact descriptions of possible dynamical systems, and, as a result, they display certain consistency properties. For example, spectral components of Green's functions which must be positive-definite in the true problem automatically are so for the models. The models involve a new stochastic element: Random couplings are introduced among an infinite collection of similar systems, the true problem corresponding to the limit where these couplings vanish. The method is first applied to a linear oscillator with random frequency parameter. The mean impulse-response function of the oscillator is obtained explicitly for two successive models. The results suggest the existence of a sequence of model solutions which converges rapidly to the exact solution of the true problem. Applications then are made to the Schrödinger equation of a particle in a random potential and to Burgers' analog for turbulence dynamics. For both problems, closed model equations are obtained which determine the average Green's function, the amplitude of the mean field, and the covariance of the fluctuating field. The model solutions can be expressed as sums of infinite classes of terms from the formal perturbation expansions of the solutions to the true problems. It is suggested that correspondence to stochastic models may be a useful criterion to help judge the validity of partial summations of perturbation series.