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arXiv:1206.2308

Kitaev's Lattice Model and Turaev-Viro TQFTs

Benjamin Balsam, Kirillov, Alexander

Published Jun 11, 2012• 27 citations
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Abstract

In this paper, we examine Kitaev's lattice model for an arbitrary complex, semisimple Hopf algebra. We prove that this model gives the same topological invariants as Turaev-Viro theory. Using the description of Turaev-Viro theory as an extended TQFT, we prove that the excited states of the Kitaev model correspond to Turaev-Viro theory on a surface with boundary.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1206.2308

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In this paper, we examine Kitaev's lattice model for an arbitrary complex, semisimple Hopf algebra. We prove that this model gives the same topological invariants as Turaev-Viro theory. Using the description of Turaev-Viro theory as an extended TQFT, we prove that the excited states of the Kitaev model correspond to Turaev-Viro theory on a surface with boundary.
We construct a Kitaev model with defects using twists or 2-cocycles of semi-simple, finite-dimensional Hopf algebras as defect data. This data is derived by applying Tannaka duality to Turaev-Viro topological quantum field theories with defects. From this we also derive additional conditions for moving, fusing and braiding excitations in the Kitaev model with defects. We give a description of excitations in the Kitaev model and show that they satisfy conditions we derive from Turaev-Viro topological quantum field theories with defects. Assigning trivial defect data one obtains transparent defects and we show that they can be removed, yielding the Kitaev model without defects.
Doubled topological phases introduced by Kitaev, Levin, and Wen supported on two-dimensional lattices are Hamiltonian versions of three-dimensional topological quantum field theories described by the Turaev-Viro state sum models. We introduce the latter with an emphasis on obtaining them from theories in the continuum. Equivalence of the previous models in the ground state is shown in case of the honeycomb lattice and the gauge group being a finite group by means of the well-known duality transformation between the group algebra and the spin network basis of lattice gauge theory. An analysis of the ribbon operators describing excitations in both types of models and the three-dimensional geometrical interpretation are given.
Doubled topological phases introduced by Kitaev, Levin, and Wen supported on two‐dimensional lattices are Hamiltonian versions of three‐dimensional topological quantum field theories described by the Turaev‐Viro state sum models. We introduce the latter with an emphasis on obtaining them from theories in the continuum. Equivalence of the previous models in the ground state is shown in case of the honeycomb lattice and the gauge group being a finite group by means of the well‐known duality transformation between the group algebra and the spin network basis of lattice gauge theory. An analysis of the ribbon operators describing excitations in both types of models and the three‐dimensional geometrical interpretation are given.
The construction of the topologically protected code space of Kitaev's model for fault-tolerant quantum computation is extended from complex semisimple to arbitrary finite-dimensional Hopf algebras admitting pairs in involution. One input of the model are ribbon graphs, that is, the combinatorial data of cellular decompositions of oriented closed surfaces. The other input are certain Hopf bimodules that are closely related to the coefficients in Hopf-cyclic homology. As in previous generalisations of the Kitaev model, a Yetter-Drinfeld module is constructed and shown to be a topological invariant of the surface with boundary that is obtained by "thickening" the graph. The generalisation of the protected space is defined using bitensor products of modules-comodules. Provided that the Hopf bimodule coefficients correspond to pairs in involution, this is shown to depend only on the genus of the graph. As examples, group algebras of finite groups and bosonisations of Nichols algebras are considered.
Condensed matter physics is the study of the macroscopic and microscopic properties of condensed phases of matter. For quite some time, Landau’s symmetry breaking theory was believed to describe and explain the nature of any phase transition. However, since the late 1980s, it has become apparent that it is necessary to introduce some new kind of order, named topological order, that transcends the traditional symmetry description. In this thesis we will study the Kitaev model, which is a Hamiltonian lattice model that allows one to incorporate the concept of topological order, as well as the corresponding operators and algebras. First, we consider the model on an infinite lattice, and show how to relate local and global degrees of freedom of the anyons/quasi-particles living on sites to the ribbon operators. Afterwards, we introduce holes and an external boundary to the lattice, and examine the ramifications of this generalization in terms of the ground state degeneracy. Lastly, we verify that the algebra formed by boundary site operators has the structure of a quasi-Hopf algebra.