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arXiv:1206.0241

Discord Derived from Tsallis Entropy

Jacek Jurkowski

Published Jun 1, 2012• 1 citation
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Abstract

Due to some ambiguity in defining mutual Tsallis entropy in the classical probability theory, its generalization to quantum theory is discussed and, as a consequence, two types of generalized quantum discord, called $q$-discords, are defined in terms of quantum Tsallis entropy. $q$-discords for two-qubit Werner and isotropic states are calculated and it is shown that one of them is positive, at least for states under investigation, for all $q>0$. Finally, an analytical expression for $q$-discord of certain family of two-qubit X states is presented.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1206.0241

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Due to some ambiguity in defining mutual Tsallis entropy in the classical probability theory, its generalization to quantum theory is discussed and, as a consequence, two types of generalized quantum discord, called qqq-discords, are defined in terms of quantum Tsallis entropy. qqq-discords for two-qubit Werner and isotropic states are calculated and it is shown that one of them is positive, at least for states under investigation, for all q>0q>0q>0. Finally, an analytical expression for qqq-discord of certain family of two-qubit X states is presented.
Due to some ambiguity in the definition of mutual Tsallis entropy in classical probability theory, its generalization to quantum theory is discussed and, as a consequence, two types of generalized quantum discords, called q-discords, are defined in terms of quantum Tsallis entropy. Both q-discords for two-qubit Werner and isotropic states are determined and compared and it is shown that one of them is non-negative, at least for states under investigation, for all q > 0. Finally, an analytical expression for q-discord of certain family of two-qubit X-states is presented. Using this example, we show that both types of q-discords can take negative values for some q > 1, hence their use as correlations measures is rather limited.
Quantum discord, a kind of quantum correlation, is defined as the difference between quantum mutual information and classical correlation in a bipartite system. In general, this correlation is different from entanglement, and quantum discord may be nonzero even for certain separable states. Even in the simple case of bipartite quantum systems, this different kind of quantum correlation has interesting and significant applications in quantum information processing. So far, quantum discord has been calculated explicitly only for a rather limited set of two-qubit quantum states and expressions for more general quantum states are not known. In this article, we derive explicit expressions for quantum discord for a larger class of two-qubit states, namely, a seven-parameter family of so called XXX states that have been of interest in a variety of contexts in the field. We also study the relation between quantum discord, classical correlation, and entanglement for a number of two-qubit states to demonstrate that they are independent measures of correlation with no simple relative ordering between them.
Several ways have been proposed in the literature to define a coherence measure based on Tsallis relative entropy. One of them is defined as a distance between a state and a set of incoherent states with Tsallis relative entropy taken as a distance measure. Unfortunately, this measure does not satisfy the required strong monotonicity, but a modification of this coherence has been proposed that does. We introduce three new Tsallis coherence measures coming from a more general definition that also satisfy the strong monotonicity, and compare all five definitions between each other. Using three coherence measures that we discuss, one can also define a discord. Two of these have been used in the literature, and another one is new. We also discuss two correlation measures based on Tsallis relative entropy. We provide explicit expressions for all three discord and two correlation measure on pure states. Lastly, we provide tight upper and lower bounds on two discord and correlations measures on any quantum state, with the condition for equality.
Using Tsallis-qqq entropy, we introduce the generalized concept of global quantum discord, namely the qqq-global quantum discord, and provide its analytic evaluation for two classes of multiqubit states. We also provide a sufficient condition, for which the pairwise quantum correlations in terms of qqq-global quantum discord is monogamous in multiparty quantum systems.
The quantum discord is used as measure of quantum correlations for two families of multipartite coherent states. The first family interpolates between generalized GHZ states and generalized Werner states. The second one is an interpolation between generalized GHZ and the ground state of the multipartite quantum system. Two inequivalent ways to split the system in a pair of qubits are introduced. The explicit expressions of quantum quantum discord in multipartite coherent states are derived. Its evaluation uses the Koashi–Winter relation in optimizing the conditional entropy. The temporal evolution of quantum correlations (quantum discord and entanglement) is also discussed.
Quantum discord is the quantitative difference between two alternative expressions for bipartite mutual information, given respectively in terms of two distinct definitions for the conditional entropy. By constructing a stochastic model of shared states, classical discord can be similarly defined, quantifying the presence of some stochasticity in the measurement process. Therefore, discord can generally be understood as a quantification of the system's state disturbance due to local measurements, be it quantum or classical. We establish an operational meaning of classical discord in the context of state merging with noisy measurement and thereby show the quantum-classical separation in terms of a negative conditional entropy.