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arXiv:1204.6383 · Physical Review A

Up-conversion of optical signals with multi-longitudinal-mode pump lasers

Jason S. Pelc, Guo-Liang Shentu, Qi-Fa Zhang, M. M. Fejer, Jian-Wei Pan

Published Sep 20, 2012• 11 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Multi-longitudinal-mode lasers have been believed to be good candidates as pump sources for optical frequency conversion. However, we present a semiclassical model for the frequency conversion of optical signals with a multimode pump laser, which shows that fluctuations of the instantaneous pump power limit the conversion efficiency. In an experiment, we up-converted a 1.55-$\ensuremath{\mu}$m optical signal in a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide using a multi-longitudinal-mode laser and observed a maximum conversion efficiency of 68%, in good agreement with our theoretical model. Compared to single-mode pumping, multimode pumping is not a suitable technique for attaining stable near-unity-efficiency frequency conversion. However, our results could find application in the characterization of the spectral or temporal structure of multi-longitudinal-mode lasers.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.86.033827

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Multi-longitudinal-mode lasers have been believed to be good candidates as pump sources for optical frequency conversion. However, we present a semiclassical model for the frequency conversion of optical signals with a multimode pump laser, which shows that fluctuations of the instantaneous pump power limit the conversion efficiency. In an experiment, we up-converted a 1.55-\ensuremathμ\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremathμm optical signal in a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide using a multi-longitudinal-mode laser and observed a maximum conversion efficiency of 68%, in good agreement with our theoretical model. Compared to single-mode pumping, multimode pumping is not a suitable technique for attaining stable near-unity-efficiency frequency conversion. However, our results could find application in the characterization of the spectral or temporal structure of multi-longitudinal-mode lasers.
Efficient single-photon frequency up-conversion was demonstrated under strong multi-longitudinal-mode pump, where the incident single-photon state was converted to a superposition state after the nonlinear interaction with the multimode pump field. Through frequency summing with a sufficiently strong multimode pump at $1.06\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\text{m}$, a single-photon signal at $1.55\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\text{m}$ was up-converted to the visible replicas near $0.63\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\text{m}$ with a nearly unity efficiency. This may support tunable multimode photonic quantum-information interface and precise wavelength control on single-photon manipulation.
We experimentally investigated the intensity cross-correlation between the upconverted photons and the unconverted photons in the single-photon frequency upconversion process with multi-longitudinal mode pump and signal sources. In theoretical analysis, with this multi-longitudinal mode of both signal and pump sources system, the properties of the signal photons could also be maintained as in the single-mode frequency upconversion system. Experimentally, based on the conversion efficiency of 80.5%, the joint probability of simultaneously detecting at upconverted and unconverted photons showed an anti-correlation as a function of conversion efficiency which indicated the upconverted photons were one-to-one from the signal photons. While due to the coherent state of the signal photons, the intensity cross-correlation function g(2)(0) was shown to be equal to unity at any conversion efficiency, agreeing with the theoretical prediction. This study will benefit the high-speed wavelength-tunable quantum state translation or photonic quantum interface together with the mature frequency tuning or longitudinal mode selection techniques.
Single-photon signals at 1.56 ¿m were converted into the visible region by sum-frequency generation, with synchronous pump pulses at 1.03 ¿m in a periodically poled lithium niobate crystal. The signal and pump sources were provided by two synchronized mode-locked fiber lasers at the operation rate of 7.88 MHz. Such a high-speed single-photon upconversion system has shown an overall detection efficiency of 10.4%. The corresponding background noise was measured to be 3.3 × 103s-1. The noise-equivalent power in this scheme was 9.93 × 10-17W/Hz1/2, which was the lowest compared to the other upconversion systems with similar pump and signal wavelengths.
A theory for the nonlinear properties of optical-frequency conversion using nearly degenerate four-wave mixing in semiconductor lasers is presented for the first time. Because of pump depletion, the converted signal and the conversion efficiency depend on both the injected probe power and the frequency detuning. The relaxation resonance frequency and the damping rate are both related to the probe signal, especially for a high optical injection level. The theory is in good agreement with experiments.
Coherent frequency conversion of structured light, i.e. the ability to manipulate the carrier frequency of a wave front without distorting its spatial phase and intensity profile, provides the opportunity for numerous novel applications in photonic technology and fundamental science. In particular, frequency conversion of spatial modes carrying orbital angular momentum can be exploited in sub-wavelength resolution nano-optics and coherent imaging at a wavelength different from that used to illuminate an object. Moreover, coherent frequency conversion will be crucial for interfacing information stored in the high-dimensional spatial structure of single and entangled photons with various constituents of quantum networks. In this work, we demonstrate frequency conversion of structured light from the near infrared (803 nm) to the visible (527 nm). The conversion scheme is based on sum-frequency generation in a periodically poled lithium niobate crystal pumped with a 1540-nm Gaussian beam. We observe frequency-converted fields that exhibit a high degree of similarity with the input field and verify the coherence of the frequency-conversion process via mode projection measurements with a phase mask and a single-mode fiber. Our results demonstrate the suitability of exploiting the technique for applications in quantum information processing and coherent imaging.
A single-photon signal at 1.55 microm was converted to the visible region by sum-frequency mixing with a strong pumping beam at 1064 nm in a periodically poled lithium niobate crystal placed in a diode-pumped Nd:YVO4 laser cavity. As the intracavity pump laser could be automatically stabilized without cavity lock, robust long-term stability was demonstrated for single-photon frequency upconversion, with a conversion efficiency of 74.3%. Such a stable single-photon upconversion was demonstrated to be efficient and robust for single-photon counting at 1550 nm, and the corresponding background noise was measured at less than 420 x 10(3) s(-1).