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arXiv:1204.1836 · Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Master equation for cascade quantum channels: a collisional approach

Vittorio Giovannetti, G M Palma

Published Jul 30, 2012• 35 citations
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Abstract

It has been recently shown that collisional models can be used to derive a general form for the master equations which describe the reduced time evolution of a composite multipartite quantum system, whose components 'propagate' in an environmental medium which induces correlations among them via a cascade mechanism. Here, we analyse the fundamental assumptions of this approach showing how some of them can be lifted when passing into a proper interaction picture representation.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/45/15/154003

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It has been recently shown that collisional models can be used to derive a general form for the master equations which describe the reduced time evolution of a composite multipartite quantum system, whose components 'propagate' in an environmental medium which induces correlations among them via a cascade mechanism. Here, we analyse the fundamental assumptions of this approach showing how some of them can be lifted when passing into a proper interaction picture representation.
We derive the general form of a master equation describing the reduced time evolution of a sequence of subsystems "propagating" in an environment which can be described as a sequence of subenvironments. The interaction between subsystems and subenvironments is described in terms of a collision model, with the irreversible dynamics of the subenvironments between collisions explicitly taken into account. In the weak coupling regime, we show that the collisional model produces a correlated Markovian evolution for the joint density matrix of the multipartite system. The associated Lindblad superoperator contains pairwise terms describing cross correlation between the different subsystems. Such a model can describe a broad range of physical situations, ranging from quantum channels with memory to photon propagation in concatenated quantum optical systems.
In this work we consider quantum cascade networks in which quantum systems are connected through unidirectional channels that can mutually interact giving rise to interference effects. In particular we show how to compute master equations for cascade systems in an arbitrary interferometric configuration by means of a collisional model. We apply our general theory to two specific examples: the first consists of two systems arranged in a Mach-Zender-like configuration and the second is a three system network where it is possible to tune the effective chiral interactions between the nodes exploiting interference effects.
The interaction of a propagating pulse of quantum radiation with a localized quantum system can be described by a cascaded master equation with a distinct initially populated input and a finally populated output field mode [Kiilerich and M\o{}lmer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 123604 (2019)]. By transformation to an appropriate interaction picture, we break the cascaded nature of the master equation and recover an effective time-dependent interaction with a lossless single mode and a supplementary lossy mode. The former closely represents the traveling pulse, while the latter constitutes a non-Markovian component in the exchange of quanta between the scatterer and the quantized field. The transformed master equation offers important insights into the system dynamics, and it permits numerically efficient solutions.
Quantum collision models are receiving increasing attention as they describe many nontrivial phenomena in the dynamics of open quantum systems. In a general scenario of both fundamental and practical interest, a quantum system repeatedly interacts with individual particles or modes, forming a correlated and structured reservoir; however, classical and quantum environment correlations greatly complicate the calculation and interpretation of the system dynamics. Here, we propose an exact solution to this problem based on the tensor network formalism. We find a natural Markovian embedding for the system dynamics, where the role of an auxiliary system is played by virtual indices of the network. The constructed embedding is amenable to an analytical treatment for a number of timely problems such as the system interaction with two-photon wave packets, structured photonic states, and one-dimensional spin chains. We also derive a time-convolution master equation and relate its memory kernel with the environment correlation function, thus revealing a clear physical picture of memory effects in the dynamics. The results advance tensor-network methods in the fields of quantum optics and quantum transport.
We study the Markovian dynamics of a collection of nnn quantum systems coupled to an irreversible environmental channel consisting of a stream of entangled qubits. Within the framework of repeated quantum interactions, we derive the master equation for the joint-state dynamics of the nnn quantum systems. We investigate the evolution of the joint state for two-qubit environments where the presence of antidiagonal coherences in the state of the bath qubits (in the local energy basis) is essential for preserving and generating entanglement between two remote quantum systems. However, maximally entangled bath qubits, such as Bell states, exhibit exceptional behavior, where the master equation does not have a unique steady state and can destroy entanglement between the systems. For the general case of nnn-qubit environments we show that antidiagonal coherences that arise from multibody entanglement in the bath qubits do not affect the composite system evolution in the weak-coupling regime.