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arXiv:1204.1532 · Physical Review Letters

Holographic Storage of Biphoton Entanglement

Han-Ning Dai, Han Zhang, Sheng-Jun Yang, Tianming Zhao, Jun Rui, Youjin Deng, Li Li, Nai-Le Liu, Shuai Chen, Xiao‐Hui Bao, Xian‐Min Jin, Bo Zhao, Jian-Wei Pan

Published May 21, 2012• 57 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Coherent and reversible storage of multiphoton entanglement with a multimode quantum memory is essential for scalable all-optical quantum information processing. Although a single photon has been successfully stored in different quantum systems, storage of multiphoton entanglement remains challenging because of the critical requirement for coherent control of the photonic entanglement source, multimode quantum memory, and quantum interface between them. Here we demonstrate a coherent and reversible storage of biphoton Bell-type entanglement with a holographic multimode atomic-ensemble-based quantum memory. The retrieved biphoton entanglement violates the Bell inequality for 1 μs storage time and a memory-process fidelity of 98% is demonstrated by quantum state tomography.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.108.210501

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Multiphoton entangled states play a crucial role in quantum information applications such as secure quantum communication, scalable computation, and high-precision quantum metrology. Quantum memory for entangled states is a key component of quantum repeaters, which are indispensable in realizing quantum communications. Storing a single photon or an entangled photon has been realized through different protocols. However, there has been no report demonstrating whether or not a multiphoton state can be stored in any physical system. Here, we report on the experimental storage of a two-photon NOON state in a cold-atomic ensemble. Quantum interference measured before and after storage clearly shows that the properties of the two-photon NOON state are preserved during storage. Our experiment completes a step towards storing a multiphoton entangled state.
For advanced applications in quantum information and communication the reversible transfer of quantum information between light and matter is essential. A key property of such a light-matter quantum interface is the faithful mapping of entanglement. We report the reversible transfer of photon-photon entanglement into entanglement between a photon and a collective atomic excitation in a thulium-doped lithium niobate waveguide. We use an Atomic Frequency Comb (AFC) memory protocol yielding a 5 GHz acceptance bandwidth of our memory. We reconstruct the bi-photon quantum state before and after the reversible transfer and asses the entanglement-preserving nature of our memory. We demonstrate a near perfect mapping of the entangled state. Additionally, we measure a violation of the CHSH Bell inequality before and after storage, thus directly verifying the sufficiency of the entanglement for quantum communication.
Two photons can simultaneously share entanglement between several degrees of freedom such as polarization, energy-time, spatial mode and orbital angular momentum. This resource is known as hyperentanglement, and it has been shown to be an important tool for optical quantum information processing. Here we demonstrate the quantum storage and retrieval of photonic hyperentanglement in a solid-state quantum memory. A pair of photons entangled in polarization and energy-time is generated such that one photon is stored in the quantum memory, while the other photon has a telecommunication wavelength suitable for transmission in optical fibre. We measured violations of a Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) Bell inequality for each degree of freedom, independently of the other one, which proves the successful storage and retrieval of the two bits of entanglement shared by the photons. Our scheme is compatible with long-distance quantum communication in optical fibre, and is in particular suitable for linear-optical entanglement purification for quantum repeaters.
Two photons can simultaneously share entanglement between several degrees of freedom such as polarization, energy-time, spatial mode and orbital angular momentum. This resource is known as hyperentanglement, and it has been shown to be an important tool for optical quantum information processing. Here we demonstrate the quantum storage and retrieval of photonic hyperentanglement in a solid-state quantum memory. A pair of photons entangled in polarization and energy-time is generated such that one photon is stored in the quantum memory, while the other photon has a telecommunication wavelength suitable for transmission in optical fibre. We measured violations of a Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) Bell inequality for each degree of freedom, independently of the other one, which proves the successful storage and retrieval of the two bits of entanglement shared by the photons. Our scheme is compatible with long-distance quantum communication in optical fibre, and is in particular suitable for linear-optical entanglement purification for quantum repeaters.
Practical realization of quantum repeaters requires quantum memories with high retrieval efficiency, multi-mode storage capacities, and long lifetimes. Here, we report a high-retrieval-efficiency and temporally multiplexed atom-photon entanglement source. A train of 12 write pulses in time is applied to a cold atomic ensemble along different directions, which generates temporally multiplexed pairs of Stokes photons and spin waves via Duan-Lukin-Cirac-Zoller processes. The two arms of a polarization interferometer are used to encode photonic qubits of 12 Stokes temporal modes. The multiplexed spin-wave qubits, each of which is entangled with one Stokes qubit, are stored in a "clock" coherence. A ring cavity that resonates simultaneously with the two arms of the interferometer is used to enhance retrieval from the spin-wave qubits, with the intrinsic retrieval efficiency reaching 70.4%. The multiplexed source gives rise to a ∼12.1-fold increase in atom-photon entanglement-generation probability compared to the single-mode source. The measured Bell parameter for the multiplexed atom-photon entanglement is 2.21(2), along with a memory lifetime of up to ∼125 µs.