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arXiv:1203.5203 · Physica E Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures

Dynamic regime of electron transport in correlated one-dimensional conductor with defect

Sergey N. Artemenko, P. P. Aseev, D. S. Shapiro, R.R. Vakhitov

Published Nov 24, 2013• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1016/j.physe.2013.11.010

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We study theoretically electronic transport through an isolated local defect in a 1D conductor described in terms of the Luttinger liquid, and show that the well-known tunneling regime of electronic transport leading to power-law I-V curves takes place only in the limit of small voltage. At voltages exceeding a threshold value a new dynamic regime of transport starts in which the DC current induces AC oscillations of frequency f = /e. In gated quantum wires where interaction between electrons is short-ranged, generation linewidth is small provided the inter-electronic repulsion is strong enough, otherwise a wide-band noise is generated. In case of long-range Coulomb interaction generation is coherent at any interaction strength. The effect is related to interaction of the current with Friedel oscillations of the electronic density around the impurity. Manifestations of the effect resemble the Coulomb blockade and the Josephson effect. Oscillations of the electric current are accompanied by spin current oscillations. The results are related to semiconducting quantum wires, metallic atomic chains, carbon nanotubes, graphene nanoribbons and others.
The hydrodynamic regime of electron transport has been recently realized in conductors with ultralow densities of defects. Although relaxation processes in two-dimensional (2D) fluids have been studied in many theoretical works, the viscosity of the realistic Fermi gas of 2D electrons having a quadratic energy spectrum and interacting by Coulomb's law has not been reliably determined either in theory or in experiment. Here, we construct a theory of viscosity and thermal conductivity in such a system. We compare the calculated viscosity of the 2D electron Fermi gas and the previously known viscosity of a 2D Fermi liquid with available experimental data extracted from the hydrodynamic negative magnetoresistance of the best-quality GaAs quantum wells. Based on this comparison, we argue that measurements of the temperature dependence of the viscosity can allow us to trace the transition between an electron Fermi liquid and a Fermi gas.
In ultrathin wires positioned on high-$\ensuremath{\kappa}$ dielectric substrates or nearby metallic gates, electrons can form strongly correlated one-dimensional fluids already at rather high electron densities. The density-density correlation function, charge compressibility, spin susceptibility, and electron specific heat of such fluids are calculated analytically. The results are relevant for transport and thermodynamics of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors and semiconductor quantum wires.