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arXiv:1203.4114 · Physical Review A

Exclusion principle for quantum dense coding

R. Prabhu, Arun Kumar Pati, Aditi Sen, Ujjwal Sen

Published May 1, 2013• 31 citations
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Abstract

We show that the classical capacity of a quantum state, as quantified by its ability to perform dense coding, respects an exclusion principle, for arbitrary pure or mixed three-party states in any dimension. This states that no two bipartite states which are reduced states of a common tripartite quantum state can have simultaneous quantum advantage in dense coding. The exclusion principle is robust against noise. Such a principle also holds for an arbitrary number of parties. This exclusion principle is independent of the content and distribution of entanglement in the multipartite state.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.87.052319

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We show that the classical capacity of a quantum state, as quantified by its ability to perform dense coding, respects an exclusion principle, for arbitrary pure or mixed three-party states in any dimension. This states that no two bipartite states which are reduced states of a common tripartite quantum state can have simultaneous quantum advantage in dense coding. The exclusion principle is robust against noise. Such a principle also holds for an arbitrary number of parties. This exclusion principle is independent of the content and distribution of entanglement in the multipartite state.
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We establish a universal complementarity relation between the capacity of classical information transmission by employing a multiparty quantum state as a multiport quantum channel, and the corresponding genuine multipartite entanglement. The classical information transfer is from a sender to several receivers by using the quantum dense coding protocol with the multiparty quantum state shared between the sender and several receivers. The relation is derived when the multiparty entanglement is the relative entropy of entanglement as well as when it is the generalized geometric measure. The relation holds for arbitrary pure or mixed quantum states of an arbitrary number of parties in arbitrary dimensions.
We introduce a probabilistic version of the one-shot quantum dense coding protocol in both two- and multiport scenarios in which the sender(s) transmit(s) only complete messages unambiguously, to a single receiver, and we refer to it as conclusive quantum dense coding. We derive the relevant form of the mutual information between encoded information and measurement results in the scenario considered. We analyze the corresponding capacities of shared states between two, three, and more qubits, and two qutrits. We identify cases where Pauli and generalized Pauli operators are not sufficient as encoders to attain the optimal one-shot conclusive quantum dense coding capacities. We find that there is a rich connection between the capacities and the bipartite as well as multipartite entanglements of the shared state.
We investigate the effect of noisy channels in a classical information transfer through a multipartite state which acts as a substrate for the distributed quantum dense coding protocol between several senders and two receivers. The situation is qualitatively different from the case with one or more senders and a single receiver. We obtain an upper bound on the multipartite capacity which is tightened in the case of the covariant noisy channel. We also establish a relation between the genuine multipartite entanglement of the shared state and the capacity of distributed dense coding using that state, both in the noiseless and the noisy scenarios. Specifically, we find that, in the case of multiple senders and two receivers, the corresponding generalized Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states possess higher dense coding capacities as compared to a significant fraction of pure states having the same multipartite entanglement.