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arXiv:1203.3752 · Physical Review B

Strong-disorder renormalization for interacting non-Abelian anyon systems in two dimensions

Chris R. Laumann, David A. Huse, A. W. W. Ludwig, Gil Refael, Simon Trebst, Matthias Troyer

Published Jun 5, 2012• 19 citations
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Abstract

We consider the effect of quenched spatial disorder on systems of interacting, pinned non-Abelian anyons as might arise in disordered Hall samples at filling fractions $\ensuremath{\nu}=5/2$ or $\ensuremath{\nu}=12/5$. In one spatial dimension, such disordered anyon models have previously been shown to exhibit a hierarchy of infinite randomness phases. Here, we address systems in two spatial dimensions and report on the behavior of Ising and Fibonacci anyons under the numerical strong-disorder renormalization group (SDRG). In order to manage the topology-dependent interactions generated during the flow, we introduce a planar approximation to the SDRG treatment. We characterize this planar approximation by studying the flow of disordered hard-core bosons and the transverse field Ising model, where it successfully reproduces the known infinite randomness critical point with exponent $\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\approx}0.49$. Our main conclusion for disordered anyon models in two spatial dimensions is that systems of Ising anyons as well as systems of Fibonacci anyons do not realize infinite randomness phases, but flow back to weaker disorder under the numerical SDRG treatment.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.85.224201

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We consider the effect of quenched spatial disorder on systems of interacting, pinned non-Abelian anyons as might arise in disordered Hall samples at filling fractions \ensuremathν=5/2\ensuremath{\nu}=5/2\ensuremathν=5/2 or \ensuremathν=12/5\ensuremath{\nu}=12/5\ensuremathν=12/5. In one spatial dimension, such disordered anyon models have previously been shown to exhibit a hierarchy of infinite randomness phases. Here, we address systems in two spatial dimensions and report on the behavior of Ising and Fibonacci anyons under the numerical strong-disorder renormalization group (SDRG). In order to manage the topology-dependent interactions generated during the flow, we introduce a planar approximation to the SDRG treatment. We characterize this planar approximation by studying the flow of disordered hard-core bosons and the transverse field Ising model, where it successfully reproduces the known infinite randomness critical point with exponent \ensuremathψ\ensuremath≈0.49\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\approx}0.49\ensuremathψ\ensuremath≈0.49. Our main conclusion for disordered anyon models in two spatial dimensions is that systems of Ising anyons as well as systems of Fibonacci anyons do not realize infinite randomness phases, but flow back to weaker disorder under the numerical SDRG treatment.
Topological insulators supporting non-Abelian anyonic excitations are in the center of attention as candidates for topological quantum computation. In this paper, we analyze the ground-state properties of disordered non-Abelian anyonic chains. The resemblance of fusion rules of non-Abelian anyons and real-space decimation strongly suggests that disordered chains of such anyons generically exhibit infinite-randomness phases. Concentrating on the disordered golden chain model with nearest-neighbor coupling, we show that Fibonacci anyons with the fusion rule $\ensuremath{\tau}\ensuremath{\bigotimes}\ensuremath{\tau}=1\ensuremath{\bigoplus}\ensuremath{\tau}$ exhibit two infinite-randomness phases: a random-singlet phase when all bonds prefer the trivial fusion channel and a mixed phase which occurs whenever a finite density of bonds prefers the $\ensuremath{\tau}$ fusion channel. Real-space renormalization-group (RG) analysis shows that the random-singlet fixed point is unstable to the mixed fixed point. By analyzing the entanglement entropy of the mixed phase, we find its effective central charge and find that it increases along the RG flow from the random-singlet point, thus ruling out a ccc theorem for the effective central charge.
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We investigate the effects of quenched randomness on topological quantum phase transitions in strongly interacting two-dimensional systems. We focus first on transitions driven by the condensation of a subset of fractionalized quasiparticles (``anyons'') identified with ``electric charge'' excitations of a phase with intrinsic topological order. All other anyons have nontrivial mutual statistics with the condensed subset and hence become confined at the anyon condensation transition. Using a combination of microscopically exact duality transformations and asymptotically exact real-space renormalization group techniques applied to these two-dimensional disordered gauge theories, we argue that the resulting critical scaling behavior is ``superuniversal'' across a wide range of such condensation transitions and is controlled by the same infinite-randomness fixed point as that of the 2D random transverse-field Ising model. We validate this claim using large-scale quantum Monte Carlo simulations that allow us to extract zero-temperature critical exponents and correlation functions in (2+1)D(2+1)\mathrm{D}(2+1)D disordered interacting systems. We discuss generalizations of these results to a large class of ground-state and excited-state topological transitions in systems with intrinsic topological order as well as those where topological order is either protected or enriched by global symmetries. When the underlying topological order and the symmetry group are Abelian, our results provide prototypes for topological phase transitions between distinct many-body localized phases.
To avoid the complicated topology of surviving clusters induced by standard strong disorder RG in dimension d > 1, we introduce a modified procedure called 'boundary strong disorder RG' where the order of decimations is chosen a priori . We apply this modified procedure numerically to the random transverse field Ising model in dimension d = 2. We find that the location of the critical point, the activated exponent ψ ≃ 0.5 of the infinite-disorder scaling, and the finite-size correlation exponent ν FS ≃ 1.3 are compatible with the values obtained previously using standard strong disorder RG. Our conclusion is thus that strong disorder RG is very robust with respect to changes in the order of decimations. In addition, we analyze the RG flows within the two phases in more detail, to show explicitly the presence of various correlation length exponents: we measure the typical correlation exponent ν typ ≃ 0.64 for the disordered phase (this value is very close to the correlation exponent of the pure two-dimensional quantum Ising model), and the typical exponent ν h ≃ 1 for the ordered phase. These values satisfy the relations between critical exponents imposed by the expected finite-size scaling properties at infinite-disorder critical points. We also measure, within the disordered phase, the fluctuation exponent ω ≃ 0.35 which is compatible with the directed polymer exponent in (1 + 1) dimensions.
Topological phases supporting non-Abelian anyonic excitations have been proposed as candidates for topological quantum computation. In this paper, we study disordered non-Abelian anyonic chains based on the quantum groups SU(2)k\text{SU}{(2)}_{k}SU(2)k​, a hierarchy that includes the $\ensuremath{\nu}=5/2$ fractional quantum Hall state and the proposed $\ensuremath{\nu}=12/5$ Fibonacci state, among others. We find that for odd kkk these anyonic chains realize infinite-randomness critical phases in the same universality class as the Sk{S}_{k}Sk​ permutation symmetric multicritical points of Damle and Huse [Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 277203 (2002)]. Indeed, we show that the pertinent subspace of these anyonic chains actually sits inside the ${\mathbb{Z}}_{k}\ensuremath{\subset}{S}_{k}$ symmetric sector of the Damle-Huse model, and this Zk{\mathbb{Z}}_{k}Zk​ symmetry stabilizes the phase.
Strong disorder renormalization is an energy-based renormalization that leads to a complicated renormalized topology for the surviving clusters as soon as d > 1. In this paper, we propose to include strong disorder renormalization ideas within the more traditional fixed-cell-size real space RG framework. We first consider the one-dimensional chain as a test for this fixed-cell-size procedure: we find that all exactly known critical exponents are reproduced correctly, except for the magnetic exponent β (because it is related to more subtle persistence properties of the full RG flow). We then apply numerically this fixed-cell-size procedure to two types of renormalizable fractal lattice: (i) the Sierpinski gasket of fractal dimension D = ln3/ln2, where there is no underlying classical ferromagnetic transition, so that the RG flow in the ordered phase is similar to what happens in d = 1; (ii) a hierarchical diamond lattice of fractal dimension D = 4/3, where there is an underlying classical ferromagnetic transition, so that the RG flow in the ordered phase is similar to what happens on hypercubic lattices of dimension d > 1. In both cases, we find that the transition is governed by an infinite disorder fixed point: besides the measure of the activated exponent ψ, we analyze the RG flow of various observables in the disordered and ordered phases, in order to extract the 'typical' correlation length exponents of these two phases which are different from the finite-size correlation length exponent.