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arXiv:1203.0351

Quantum phase transitions to superfluid state of chains in a polarized gas of dipolar molecules

Anatoly B. Kuklov, Alexei M. Tsvelik

Published Mar 2, 2012• 0 citations
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Abstract

We analyze the nature of quantum phase transition to a superfluid state of flexible chains in a gas of polar bosonic molecules confined in a stack of $N$ identical 1d ("cigar" type) optical lattice layers and polarized perpendicularly to the layers. Monte Carlo simulations within the $J$-current model show that, in the absence of the inter-tube tunneling, the transition to the $N$-layered superfluid is in the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless universality class in the one-particle density matrix channel. The inter-layer tunneling changes it to the $q=N$ 2d Potts universality. The low energy field descriptions of the transition are discussed in terms of conformal field theories.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1203.0351

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We analyze the nature of quantum phase transition to a superfluid state of flexible chains in a gas of polar bosonic molecules confined in a stack of NNN identical 1d ("cigar" type) optical lattice layers and polarized perpendicularly to the layers. Monte Carlo simulations within the JJJ-current model show that, in the absence of the inter-tube tunneling, the transition to the NNN-layered superfluid is in the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless universality class in the one-particle density matrix channel. The inter-layer tunneling changes it to the q=Nq=Nq=N 2d Potts universality. The low energy field descriptions of the transition are discussed in terms of conformal field theories.
We study a quantum phase transition in a system of dipoles confined in a stack of N identical one-dimensional lattices (tubes) polarized perpendicularly to the lattices. In this arrangement, the intra-lattice interaction is purely repulsive, preventing system collapse, and the inter-lattice interaction is attractive. The dipoles may represent polar molecules or indirect excitons. The transition separates two phases; in one of them, superfluidity (understood as algebraic decay of the corresponding correlation functions) takes place in each individual lattice, and in the other (chain superfluid) the order parameter is the product of bosonic operators from all lattices. We argue that in the presence of finite inter-lattice tunneling the transition belongs to the universality class of the q = N two-dimensional classical Potts model. For N = 2,3,4 the corresponding low-energy field theory is the model of Z N parafermions perturbed by the thermal operator. The results of Monte Carlo simulations are consistent with these predictions. The detection scheme for the chain superfluid is outlined.
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The superfluid to normal fluid transition of dipolar bosons in two dimensions is studied in a broad density range by using path integral Monte Carlo simulations and summarized in the phase diagram. While at low densities we find good agreement with the universal results depending only on the scattering length a{s}, at moderate and high densities the transition temperature is strongly affected by interactions and the excitation spectrum of quasiparticles. The results are expected to be of relevance to dipolar atomic and molecular systems and indirect excitons in quantum wells.
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The extended Bose-Hubbard model with correlated tunneling exhibits staggered superfluid and supersolid quantum phases. We study finite-temperature phase transitions of quantum phases of dipolar bosons in a two-dimensional optical lattice using Gutzwiller mean-field and quantum Monte Carlo approaches. When nearest-neighbor repulsion is comparable to the on-site interaction, we find that the two topologically distinct superfluids are separated by a normal-fluid phase, while at stronger off-site interactions, density-modulated insulating quantum phases appear. We estimate the critical temperature of the staggered-superfluid to normal-fluid transition and show that this transition is of the Kosterlitz-Thouless type. Finally, we elucidate the coexistence of staggered quantum phases in the presence of an external trapping potential. Our study paves the way to observe novel staggered quantum phases in dipolar optical lattice experiments.