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arXiv:1203.0262 · Sbornik Mathematics

Reversibility conditions for quantum channels and their applications

Максим Евгеньевич Широков

Published Aug 31, 2013• 16 citations
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Abstract

A necessary condition for reversibility (sufficiency) of a quantum channel with respect to complete families of states with bounded rank is obtained. A full description (up to isometrical equivalence) of all quantum channels reversible with respect to orthogonal and nonorthogonal complete families of pure states is given. Some applications in quantum information theory are considered. The main results can be formulated in terms of the operator algebras theory (as conditions for reversibility of channels between algebras of all bounded operators).

DOI
10.1070/sm2013v204n08abeh004337

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A necessary condition for reversibility (sufficiency) of a quantum channel with respect to complete families of states with bounded rank is obtained. A full description (up to isometrical equivalence) of all quantum channels reversible with respect to orthogonal and nonorthogonal complete families of pure states is given. Some applications in quantum information theory are considered. The main results can be formulated in terms of the operator algebras theory (as conditions for reversibility of channels between algebras of all bounded operators).
The method of complementary channel for analysis of reversibility (sufficiency) of a quantum channel with respect to families of input states (pure states for the most part) are considered and applied to Bosonic linear (quasi-free) channels, in particular, to Bosonic Gaussian channels. The obtained reversibility conditions for Bosonic linear channels have clear physical interpretation and their sufficiency is also shown by explicit construction of reversing channels. The method of complementary channel gives possibility to prove necessity of these conditions and to describe all reversed families of pure states in the Schrodinger representation. Some applications in quantum information theory are considered. Conditions for existence of discrete classical-quantum subchannels and of completely depolarizing subchannels of a Bosonic linear channel are presented.
Partial reversibility of quantum operations (or quantum channels) is considered from the information-theoretical point of view. The necessary and sufficient condition for quantum operations to be partially reversible is shown. The condition can be expressed in terms of information-theoretical quantities (von Neumann entropy and Ψ-information). The quantum information-theoretical meanings of the condition are discussed. The results are compared with those obtained for completely reversible quantum operations. The Ψ-information is calculated for the quantum depolarizing channel of a qubit and the linear dissipative channel of a single-mode bosonic system.
Reversible quantum channels play a fundamental role in quantum dynamics and quantum information processing. A quantum channel is reversible if there exists another quantum channel acting as its left inverse. Due to their intrinsic significance and wide applications, it is desirable to characterize reversible quantum channels from diverse perspectives. In this work, we study reversible quantum channels on finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces, with particular emphasis on the case of different input and output dimensions. We systematically present twenty-one equivalent characterizations of reversible quantum channels from algebraic, geometrical, and information-theoretical perspectives. Among these characterizations, some are well known, while others, implicit in the literature or formulated in other contexts, are clarified here; the Choi-state characterization is derived in this work. Specifically, we prove that the Choi states of reversible quantum channels admit three equivalent forms: the spectral, direct-sum, and tensor-product representations. These twenty-one equivalent characterizations establish a comprehensive framework for reversible quantum channels, provide diverse insights into the structural and information-theoretic properties of quantum channels, and facilitate applications of reversibility in quantum information processing such as quantum error correction, quantum teleportation, and quantum thermodynamics.
A condition for reversibility (sufficiency) of a channel with respect to a given countable family of states with bounded rank is obtained. This condition shows that a quantum channel preserving the Holevo quantity of at least one (discrete or continuous) ensemble of states with rank ≤r\leq r≤r has the r-partially entanglement-breaking complementary channel. Several applications of this result are considered. In particular, it is shown that coincidence of the constrained Holevo capacity and the quantum mutual information of a quantum channel at least at one full rank state implies that this channel is entanglement-breaking.
Quantum operations provide a general description of the state changes allowed by quantum mechanics. Simple necessary and sufficient conditions for an ideal quantum operation to be reversible by a unitary operation are derived in this paper. These results generalize recent work on reversible measurements by Mabuchi and Zoller [Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 3108 (1996)]. Quantum teleportation can be understood as a special case of the problem of reversing quantum operations. We characterize completely teleportation schemes of the type proposed by Bennett et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 1895 (1993)].
In a well-known result [R. Werner, J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 34(35), 7081 (2001)], Werner classified all tight quantum teleportation and dense coding schemes, showing that they correspond to unitary error bases. Here tightness is a certain dimensional restriction: the quantum system to be teleported and the entangled resource must be of dimension d, and the measurement must have d2 outcomes. Here we generalise this classification so as to remove the dimensional restriction altogether, thereby resolving an open problem raised in that work. In fact, we classify not just teleportation and dense coding schemes, but entanglement-reversible channels. These are channels between finite-dimensional C*-algebras which are reversible with the aid of an entangled resource state, generalising ordinary reversibility of a channel. We show that such channels correspond to families of linear maps which are bi-isometric with respect to a duality defined by the resource state. In particular, in Werner’s classification, a bijective correspondence between tight teleportation and dense coding schemes was shown: swapping Alice and Bob’s operations turns a teleportation scheme into a dense coding scheme and vice versa. We observe that this property generalises ordinary invertibility of a channel; we call it entanglement-invertibility. We show that entanglement-invertible channels are precisely the quantum bijections previously studied in noncommutative topology [B. Musto et al., J. Math. Phys. 59(8), 081706 (2018)], and therefore admit a classification in terms of Wang’s quantum permutation group [S. Wang, Commun. Math. Phys. 195, 195–211 (1998)].