Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:1202.2190 · Physical Review A

Efficient single-photon-assisted entanglement concentration for partially entangled photon pairs

Yu‐Bo Sheng, Lan Zhou, Shengmei Zhao, Baoyu Zheng

Published Jan 4, 2012• 258 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We present two realistic entanglement concentration protocols (ECPs) for pure partially entangled photons. A partially entangled photon pair can be concentrated to a maximally entangled pair with only an ancillary single photon with a certain probability, while the conventional ECPs require two copies of partially entangled pairs at least. Our first protocol is implemented with linear optics and the second protocol is implemented with cross-Kerr-nonlinearities. Compared with other ECPs, they do not need to know the accurate coefficients of the initial state. With linear optics, it is feasible with current experiments. With cross-Kerr-nonlinearities, it does not require sophisticated single-photon detectors and can be repeated to get a higher success probability. Moreover, the second protocol can get the higher entanglement transformation efficiency and it may be the most economical protocol by far. Meanwhile, both protocols are more suitable for multiphoton system concentration because they need less operations and classical communications. All these advantages make the two protocols useful in current long-distance quantum communications.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.85.012307

Related papers

Distilling and protecting the single-photon entangled state

Lan Zhou, Yu‐Bo Sheng

We propose two efficient entanglement concentration protocols (ECPs) for arbitrary less-entangled single-photon entanglement (SPE). Different from all the previous ECPs, these protocols not only can obtain the maximally SPE, but also can protect the single qubit information encoded in the polarization degree of freedom. These protocols only require one pair of less-entangled single-photon entangled state and some auxiliary single photons, which makes them economical. The first ECP is operated with the linear optical elements, which can be realized in current experiment. The second ECP adopts the cross-Kerr nonlinearities. Moreover, the second ECP can be repeated to concentrate the discard states in some conventional ECPs, so that it can get a high success probability. Based on above properties, our ECPs may be useful in current and future quantum communication.

arXiv:1411.0744•Nov 4, 2014•0 citations

Efficient two-step entanglement concentration for arbitrary W states

Yu‐Bo Sheng, Lan Zhou, Shengmei Zhao

We present two two-step practical entanglement concentration protocols for concentrating an arbitrary three-particle less-entangled $W$ state into a maximally entangled $W$ state assisted with single photons. The first protocol uses the linear optics and the second protocol adopts the cross--Kerr nonlinearity to perform the protocol. In the first protocol, based on the postselection principle, three parties say Alice, Bob, and Charlie in different distant locations can obtain the maximally entangled $W$ state from the arbitrary less-entangled $W$ state with a certain success probability. In the second protocol, the parties are not required to possess the sophisticated single-photon detectors and the concentrated photon pair can be retained after performing this protocol successfully. Moreover, the second protocol can be repeated to get a higher success probability. Both protocols may be useful in practical quantum-information applications.

arXiv:1202.3019•Physical Review A•Apr 4, 2012•208 citations

Single-photon-assisted entanglement concentration of partially entangled multiphoton W states with linear optics

Bin Gu

We propose a single-photon-assisted entanglement concentration protocol (ECP) for nonlocal N-photon systems in a partially entangled pure W-class state with linear optical elements. Only one of the N parties in quantum communication prepares an ancillary photon and operates the entanglement concentration process for picking up the standard N-photon W state from each partially entangled pure W-class state by choosing the two-mode instances from a polarization beam splitter. Compared with other ECPs for W-class states, our protocol has some advantages. First, it requires only linear optical elements. Second, it requires an N-photon system and an ancillary photon for each round of concentration, not two systems. Third, only one party asks other parties to retain or discard their photons. All these advantages make our ECP more feasible and more convenient than others.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Jun 19, 2012•54 citations

Efficient entanglement concentration for arbitrary less-entangled NOON state assisted with single photon

Lan Zhou, Yu‐Bo Sheng

We put forward two efficient entanglement concentration protocols (ECPs) for distilling the maximally entangled NOON state from arbitrary less-entangled NOON state with only an auxiliary single photon. With the help of the weak cross-Kerr nonlinearities, both the two ECPs can be used repeatedly to get a high success probability. In the first ECP, the auxiliary single photon should be shared by the two parties say Alice and Bob. In the second ECP, the auxiliary single photon is only possessed by Bob, which can greatly increase the practical success probability by avoiding the transmission loss. Moreover, Bob can operate the whole protocol alone, which makes the protocol more simple. Therefore, our two ECPs, especially the second ECP may be more useful and convenient in the current quantum information processing.

arXiv:1209.1795•Sep 9, 2012•0 citations

POLARIZATION ENTANGLEMENT CONCENTRATIONS WITH LESS-HYPERENTANGLED PHOTON PAIRS IN MULTIPLE DEGREES OF FREEDOM

Ying Guo, HONGYAN KUANG, Dazu Huang +1 more

We demonstrate two entanglement concentration protocols (ECPs) for photon pairs in less-hyperentanglement, the simultaneous entanglement in multiple degrees of freedom. Using these ECPs, some maximally entangled states in polarization can be reconstructed deterministically from less-hyperentangled ones shared between remote participants. Both of the success probabilities are 100% in principle, and they do not require additional single photons. The former is implemented with the passive linear optics, which is achievable with current technology. The later adopts the cross-Kerr nonlinearity media to complete this task, which can increase the efficiency of the entanglement concentration process since it does not require the sophisticated single-photon detectors for measurements. The two ECPs are useful for practical long-distance quantum communication due to the fact that the entangled state in either the spatial degree of freedom or the frequency degree of freedom suffers little from channel noise in optical fiber.

International Journal of Quantum Information•Oct 1, 2012•2 citations

Single-photon-assisted entanglement concentration of a multiphoton system in a partially entangled W state with weak cross-Kerr nonlinearity

Fang‐Fang Du, Tao Li, Bao‐Cang Ren +2 more

We propose a nonlocal entanglement concentration protocol (ECP) for N-photon systems in a partially entangled W state, resorting to some ancillary single photons and the parity-check measurement based on cross-Kerr nonlinearity. One party in quantum communication first performs a parity-check measurement on her photon in an N-photon system and an ancillary photon, and then she picks up the even-parity instance for obtaining the standard W state. When she obtains an odd-parity instance, the system is in a less-entanglement state, and it is the resource in the next round of entanglement concentration. By iterating the entanglement concentration process several times, the present ECP has a total success probability approaching the limit in theory. The present ECP has the advantage of a high success probability. Moreover, the present ECP requires only the N-photon system itself and some ancillary single photons, not two copies of the systems, which decreases the difficulty of its implementation greatly in experiment. It may have good applications in quantum communication in the future.

arXiv:1208.0105•Journal of the Optical Society of America B•May 22, 2012•40 citations
We present two realistic entanglement concentration protocols (ECPs) for pure partially entangled photons. A partially entangled photon pair can be concentrated to a maximally entangled pair with only an ancillary single photon with a certain probability, while the conventional ECPs require two copies of partially entangled pairs at least. Our first protocol is implemented with linear optics and the second protocol is implemented with cross-Kerr-nonlinearities. Compared with other ECPs, they do not need to know the accurate coefficients of the initial state. With linear optics, it is feasible with current experiments. With cross-Kerr-nonlinearities, it does not require sophisticated single-photon detectors and can be repeated to get a higher success probability. Moreover, the second protocol can get the higher entanglement transformation efficiency and it may be the most economical protocol by far. Meanwhile, both protocols are more suitable for multiphoton system concentration because they need less operations and classical communications. All these advantages make the two protocols useful in current long-distance quantum communications.
We propose two efficient entanglement concentration protocols (ECPs) for arbitrary less-entangled single-photon entanglement (SPE). Different from all the previous ECPs, these protocols not only can obtain the maximally SPE, but also can protect the single qubit information encoded in the polarization degree of freedom. These protocols only require one pair of less-entangled single-photon entangled state and some auxiliary single photons, which makes them economical. The first ECP is operated with the linear optical elements, which can be realized in current experiment. The second ECP adopts the cross-Kerr nonlinearities. Moreover, the second ECP can be repeated to concentrate the discard states in some conventional ECPs, so that it can get a high success probability. Based on above properties, our ECPs may be useful in current and future quantum communication.
We present two two-step practical entanglement concentration protocols for concentrating an arbitrary three-particle less-entangled WWW state into a maximally entangled WWW state assisted with single photons. The first protocol uses the linear optics and the second protocol adopts the cross--Kerr nonlinearity to perform the protocol. In the first protocol, based on the postselection principle, three parties say Alice, Bob, and Charlie in different distant locations can obtain the maximally entangled WWW state from the arbitrary less-entangled WWW state with a certain success probability. In the second protocol, the parties are not required to possess the sophisticated single-photon detectors and the concentrated photon pair can be retained after performing this protocol successfully. Moreover, the second protocol can be repeated to get a higher success probability. Both protocols may be useful in practical quantum-information applications.
We propose a single-photon-assisted entanglement concentration protocol (ECP) for nonlocal N-photon systems in a partially entangled pure W-class state with linear optical elements. Only one of the N parties in quantum communication prepares an ancillary photon and operates the entanglement concentration process for picking up the standard N-photon W state from each partially entangled pure W-class state by choosing the two-mode instances from a polarization beam splitter. Compared with other ECPs for W-class states, our protocol has some advantages. First, it requires only linear optical elements. Second, it requires an N-photon system and an ancillary photon for each round of concentration, not two systems. Third, only one party asks other parties to retain or discard their photons. All these advantages make our ECP more feasible and more convenient than others.
We put forward two efficient entanglement concentration protocols (ECPs) for distilling the maximally entangled NOON state from arbitrary less-entangled NOON state with only an auxiliary single photon. With the help of the weak cross-Kerr nonlinearities, both the two ECPs can be used repeatedly to get a high success probability. In the first ECP, the auxiliary single photon should be shared by the two parties say Alice and Bob. In the second ECP, the auxiliary single photon is only possessed by Bob, which can greatly increase the practical success probability by avoiding the transmission loss. Moreover, Bob can operate the whole protocol alone, which makes the protocol more simple. Therefore, our two ECPs, especially the second ECP may be more useful and convenient in the current quantum information processing.
We demonstrate two entanglement concentration protocols (ECPs) for photon pairs in less-hyperentanglement, the simultaneous entanglement in multiple degrees of freedom. Using these ECPs, some maximally entangled states in polarization can be reconstructed deterministically from less-hyperentangled ones shared between remote participants. Both of the success probabilities are 100% in principle, and they do not require additional single photons. The former is implemented with the passive linear optics, which is achievable with current technology. The later adopts the cross-Kerr nonlinearity media to complete this task, which can increase the efficiency of the entanglement concentration process since it does not require the sophisticated single-photon detectors for measurements. The two ECPs are useful for practical long-distance quantum communication due to the fact that the entangled state in either the spatial degree of freedom or the frequency degree of freedom suffers little from channel noise in optical fiber.
We propose a nonlocal entanglement concentration protocol (ECP) for N-photon systems in a partially entangled W state, resorting to some ancillary single photons and the parity-check measurement based on cross-Kerr nonlinearity. One party in quantum communication first performs a parity-check measurement on her photon in an N-photon system and an ancillary photon, and then she picks up the even-parity instance for obtaining the standard W state. When she obtains an odd-parity instance, the system is in a less-entanglement state, and it is the resource in the next round of entanglement concentration. By iterating the entanglement concentration process several times, the present ECP has a total success probability approaching the limit in theory. The present ECP has the advantage of a high success probability. Moreover, the present ECP requires only the N-photon system itself and some ancillary single photons, not two copies of the systems, which decreases the difficulty of its implementation greatly in experiment. It may have good applications in quantum communication in the future.