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arXiv:1202.2084 · Physical Review A

Generation of Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger entangled states of photons in multiple cavities via a superconducting qutrit or an atom through resonant interaction

Chui‐Ping Yang, Qi-Ping Su, Siyuan Han

Published Aug 24, 2012• 78 citations
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Abstract

We propose an efficient method to generate a Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger entangled state of $n$ photons in $n$ microwave cavities (or resonators) via resonant interaction to a single superconducting qutrit. The deployment of a qutrit, instead of a qubit, as the coupler enables us to use resonant interactions exclusively for all qutrit-cavity and qutrit-pulse operations. This unique approach significantly shortens the time of operation, which is advantageous for reducing the adverse effects of qutrit decoherence and cavity decay on the fidelity of the protocol. Furthermore, the protocol involves no measurement on either the state of the qutrit or cavity photons. We also show that the protocol can be generalized to other systems by replacing the superconducting qutrit coupler with different types of physical qutrits, such as an atom in the case of cavity QED, to accomplish the same task.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.86.022329

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We propose an efficient method to generate a Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger entangled state of nnn photons in nnn microwave cavities (or resonators) via resonant interaction to a single superconducting qutrit. The deployment of a qutrit, instead of a qubit, as the coupler enables us to use resonant interactions exclusively for all qutrit-cavity and qutrit-pulse operations. This unique approach significantly shortens the time of operation, which is advantageous for reducing the adverse effects of qutrit decoherence and cavity decay on the fidelity of the protocol. Furthermore, the protocol involves no measurement on either the state of the qutrit or cavity photons. We also show that the protocol can be generalized to other systems by replacing the superconducting qutrit coupler with different types of physical qutrits, such as an atom in the case of cavity QED, to accomplish the same task.
Typically, multipartite entangled coherent states are difficult to be extended and produced without measurement. We here propose a way to deterministically generate a GHZ (Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger)-type entangled coherent state of cavities, utilizing a system consisting of a single superconducting qutrit (i.e., a three-level quantum system) and multiple microwave cavities. Due to the use of only a coupler qutrit, the architecture of the circuit system is quite simple. More importantly, our proposal does not require measurement on the state of qutrit compared with the previous proposals. Since the qutrit's third energy level is not populated during the operation, decoherence from the higher energy level is greatly minimized. Furthermore, the entire operation time is independent of the number of microwave cavities. As an example, our numerical simulations show that high-fidelity generation of a three-cavity GHZ-type entangled coherent state is feasible with present circuit quantum electrodynamics technology. This proposal is universal and can be applied to other physical systems, such as microwave or optical cavities, which are coupled to a single natural or artificial three-level atom.
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We present an efficient method to generate a Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) entangled state of three cat-state qubits via circuit QED. The GHZ state is prepared with three microwave cavities coupled to a superconducting transmon qutrit. Because the qutrit remains in the ground state during the operation, decoherence caused by the energy relaxation and dephasing of the qutrit is greatly suppressed. The GHZ state is created deterministically, because no measurement is involved. Numerical simulations show that the high-fidelity generation of a three-cqubit GHZ state is feasible with the present circuit QED technology. This proposal can be easily extended to create a N-cqubit GHZ state (N≥3), with N microwave or optical cavities coupled to a natural or artificial three-level atom.
We propose a way to prepare Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) entangled photon Fock states of three cavities, by using a superconducting flux qutrit coupled to the cavities. This proposal does not require the use of classical microwave pulses and measurement during the entire operation. Thus, the operation is greatly simplified and the circuit engineering complexity and cost is much reduced. The proposal is quite general and can be applied to generate three-cavity GHZ entangled photon Fock states when the three cavities are coupled by a different three-level physical system such as a superconducting charge qutrit, a transmon qutrit, or a quantum dot.
Hybrid entangled states are essential quantum resources not only for hybrid quantum communication but also for creating robust hybrid quantum networks and processors.By considering a circuit-cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) system composed of a superconducting (SC) qutrit (a three-level quantum system) and n microwave cavities, we here present a method to prepare hybrid Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) entangled states of n+1 qubits.The use of a single SC qutrit as the coupler leads to a significant saving in circuit hardware resources.The GHZ state preparation is deterministic without measurement.The operation time for the GHZ state preparation is independent of the number of qubits.Decoherence from the highest energy level of the SC qutrit is suppressed because this level remains unoccupied during the GHZ state preparation.Our numerical simulations demonstrate that the high-fidelity generation of hybrid GHZ states of an SC qubit and three photonic qubits is achievable within current circuit-QED technology.The proposed scheme possesses universality and is suitable for preparing hybrid GHZ states of a matter qubit (e.g., atomic qubit, trapped ion, quantum dot, magnon, NV center, and SC qubit with various types) and multiple photonic qubits across a wide range of physical systems.
Important tasks in cavity quantum electrodynamics include the generation and control of quantum states of spatially separated particles distributed in different cavities. An interesting question in this context is how to prepare entanglement among particles located in different cavities, which are important for large-scale quantum information processing. We here consider a multi-cavity system where cavities are coupled to a superconducting (SC) qubit and each cavity hosts many SC qubits. We show that all intra-cavity SC qubits plus the coupler SC qubit can be prepared in an entangled Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) state, by using a single operation and without the need of measurements. The GHZ state is created without exciting the cavity modes; thus greatly suppressing the decoherence caused by the cavity-photon decay and the effect of unwanted inter-cavity crosstalk on the operation. We also introduce two simple methods for entangling the intra-cavity SC qubits in a GHZ state. As an example, our numerical simulations show that it is feasible, with current circuit-QED technology, to prepare high-fidelity GHZ states, for up to nine SC qubits by using SC qubits distributed in two cavities. This proposal can in principle be used to implement a GHZ state for an arbitrary number of SC qubits distributed in multiple cavities. The proposal is quite general and can be applied to a wide range of physical systems, with the intra-cavity qubits being either atoms, NV centers, quantum dots, or various SC qubits.