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arXiv:1202.1963 · Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Spatial mode effects in a cavity EIT-based quantum memory with ion Coulomb crystals

Kasper R Zangenberg, Aurélien Dantan, Michael Drewsen

Published Jun 8, 2012• 4 citations
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Abstract

Quantum storage and retrieval of light in ion Coulomb crystals using cavity electromagnetically induced transparency are investigated theoretically. It is found that when both the control and the probe fields are coupled to the same spatial cavity mode, their transverse mode profile affects the quantum memory efficiency in a non-trivial way. Under such conditions, the control-field parameters and crystal dimensions that maximize the memory efficiency are calculated.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/45/12/124011

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Quantum storage and retrieval of light in ion Coulomb crystals using cavity electromagnetically induced transparency are investigated theoretically. It is found that when both the control and the probe fields are coupled to the same spatial cavity mode, their transverse mode profile affects the quantum memory efficiency in a non-trivial way. Under such conditions, the control-field parameters and crystal dimensions that maximize the memory efficiency are calculated.
We experimentally investigate the transient dynamics of an optical cavity field interacting with large ion Coulomb crystals in a situation of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). EIT is achieved by injecting a probe field at the single photon level and a more intense control field with opposite circular polarization into the same mode of an optical cavity to couple Zeeman substates of a metastable level in 40Ca+ ions. The EIT interaction dynamics are investigated both in the frequency-domain – by measuring the probe field steady state reflectivity spectrum – and in the time-domain – by measuring the progressive buildup of transparency. The experimental results are observed to be in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions taking into account the inhomogeneity of the control field in the interaction volume, and confirm the high degree of control on light-matter interaction that can be achieved with ion Coulomb crystals in optical cavities.
We report on the first observation of cavity EIT with ion Coulomb crystals (40Ca+ions) enclosed in a moderately high-finesse linear cavity, in a novel configuration where both the probe and the control field are injected into the cavity. The weak probe field (single photon level), and the more intense control field originate from the same laser and are both tuned to the same atomic transition (3d2D3/2-4p2P1/2), but with opposite circular polarizations to address separate Zeeman sub-states of the 3d2D3/2level.
We present a new scheme of quantum memory for optical images (spatially multimode light fields) that allows mapping the quantum state of the signal onto the long-lived coherence of the ground state of an ensemble of stationary atoms or impurity centers. The memory medium is embedded in an optical cavity with degenerate transverse modes, which increases the effective optical thickness of the medium and allows one, in principle, to store information in optically thin atomic layers. Since, in reality, storage and retrieval of limited-duration signals, including signals shorter than the lifetime of the field in the cavity, is of interest, we do not use the low- Q cavity approximation. The influence of losses due to partial reflection of the nonstationary signal field incident on a coupling mirror on the storage efficiency is considered. We used the method of approximate impedance matching, wherein losses due to reflection can be minimized by controlling the coupling parameter of the light field with memory medium in time, thus creating conditions for destructive interference of the signal and local fields on the coupling mirror. The influence of diffraction on the transverse resolution of memory at the writing and readout stages is investigated, and the number of effectively stored transverse spatial modes of the signal is estimated.
The authors report on CQED experiments where solid state features of ion Coulomb crystals are exploited for detailed studies of the coherent collective coupling of ions of such crystals to different transverse modes of the cavity. By using extremely prolate ion Coulomb crystals oriented along the cavity axis with a radial extension of only a few tens of microns, the spatial profiles of different cavity modes are mapped out by measuring the effective coherent coupling as the crystal is moved radially across the cavity modes. From the resulting profile of the coupling strength, the cavity mode transverse profile can be reconstructed.
We present an investigation of the coherent coupling of various transverse field modes of an optical cavity to ion Coulomb crystals. The obtained experimental results, which include the demonstration of identical collective coupling rates for different transverse modes of a cavity field to ions in the same large Coulomb crystal, are in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. The results furthermore suggest that Coulomb crystals in the future may serve as near-ideal media for high-fidelity multimode quantum information processing and communication purposes, including the generation and storage of single-photon qubits encoded in different transverse modes.
The transmission of a probe field experiencing electromagnetically induced transparency and optical switching in an atomic medium enclosed in an optical cavity is investigated. Using a semiclassical input-output theory for the interaction between an ensemble of four-level atoms and three optical cavity fields coupled to the same spatial cavity mode, we derive the steady-state transmission spectra of the probe field and discuss the dynamics of the intracavity field buildup. The analytical and numerical results are in good agreement with recent experiments with ion Coulomb crystals [M. Albert et al., Nature Photon. 5, 633 (2011)].