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arXiv:1201.0980 · Journal of Low Temperature Physics

Supersolid Phases of Cold Atom Assemblies

Massimo Boninsegni

Published Jan 31, 2012• 51 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1007/s10909-012-0571-1

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Cooling a Thermal Cloud to a SupersolidWhen a cloud of cold atoms goes through a supersolid phase transition, its coexisting superfluid and crystalline phases do not emerge simultaneously.By Chinmayee Mishra O bserving a supersolid-a state of matter that has both superfluid and solid properties-has been a challenge for decades.The constituent particles of a supersolid form a rigid, ordered structure but can also flow without dissipating energy.This paradoxical behavior was observed in cold-atom experiments only in the last five years [1-5].Researchers typically make cold-atom supersolids starting from superfluid phases, leaving open the question of how supersolidity appears from other phases.Now, a team led by Francesca Ferlaino at the University of Innsbruck, Austria, has shown that when starting from a thermal gas, a supersolid's crystalline and superfluid orders arrive and decay sequentually
Ultra cold atomic condensate with long range interaction is considered as a possible candidate to realize the supersolid phase. Such a supersolid phase can be subjected to artificial gauge field created either through rotation or by introducing space dependent coupling among hyperfine states of the atoms using Raman lasers. We study the effect of an artificial gauge field on the Supersolid phase in ultracold atomic condensates with long range interactions. Using Mean field approach, we demonstrate the structural differences between vortex in a supersolid and superfluid. We determine analytically the effect of the artificial gauge field on the density wave - supersolid (DW-SS) and the Mott insulator-superfluid (MI-SF) transition boundary. We also point out that in symmetric gauge the momentum distribution structure at these transition boundaries bears distinctive signatures of vortices in supersolid and superfluid phases. We point out that these results can clearly identify such a ultra cold atomic supersolid phase.