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arXiv:1201.0767 · Journal of High Energy Physics

Domain walls for two-dimensional renormalization group flows

Davide Gaiotto A

Published Dec 1, 2012• 112 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1007/jhep12(2012)103

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Using a recently proposed new renormalization group method (tensor renormalization group), we analyze the Ising model on the two-dimensional square lattice. For the lowest-order approximation with two-domain wall states, it realizes the idea of coarse graining of domain walls. We write down explicit analytic renormalization transformation and prove that the picture of the coarse graining of the physical domain walls does hold for all physical renormalization group flows. We solve it to get the fixed point structure and obtain the critical exponents and the critical temperature. These results are very near to the exact values. We also briefly report the improvement using four-domain wall states.
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We develop a systematic construction of renormalization group (RG) domain walls between two-dimensional rational conformal field theories. Using phantom currents, we consider an auxiliary chiral extension linked to the folded ultraviolet--infrared theory by a topological interface. The construction of RG walls then reduces to identifying suitable automorphism-twisted Cardy states in the auxiliary theory. We find two such types of automorphisms: outer automorphisms exchanging identical current algebra factors, as in Gaiotto's construction, and continuous inner automorphisms generated by the zero modes of spin-one phantom currents. In the latter case, the RG domain walls generically admit a continuous defect conformal manifold. We further show that, when an RG flow can be orbifolded to another one, the orbifold may lift defect conformal moduli of the RG brane constructed using inner automorphisms. The two types of RG branes can then be mapped to each other via a topological interface defined by the orbifold. We demonstrate the two types of RG brane construction via various examples of flows between non-unitary minimal models, from parafermions to minimal models, and between generalized parafermions. Many physical observables of the RG walls are computed non-perturbatively, including boundary entropies and spectra, and UV--IR operator mixings. We also find interesting nontrivial boundary monodromy: a closed cycle in the defect conformal moduli space can carry an RG domain wall into other distinct non-trivial conformal interfaces.