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arXiv:1201.0549 · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields

Motion generates entanglement

Nicolai Friis, David Edward Bruschi, Jorma Louko, Ivette Fuentes

Published Apr 19, 2012• 63 citations
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Abstract

We demonstrate entanglement generation between mode pairs of a quantum field in a single, rigid cavity that moves nonuniformly in Minkowski space-time. The effect is sensitive to the initial state, the choice of the mode pair and bosonic versus fermionic statistics, and it can be stronger by orders of magnitude than the entanglement degradation between an inertial cavity and a nonuniformly moving cavity. Detailed results are given for massless scalar and spinor fields in ($1+1$) dimensions. By the equivalence principle, the results model entanglement generation by gravitational effects.

DOI
10.1103/physrevd.85.081701

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We demonstrate entanglement generation between mode pairs of a quantum field in a single, rigid cavity that moves nonuniformly in Minkowski space-time. The effect is sensitive to the initial state, the choice of the mode pair and bosonic versus fermionic statistics, and it can be stronger by orders of magnitude than the entanglement degradation between an inertial cavity and a nonuniformly moving cavity. Detailed results are given for massless scalar and spinor fields in (1+11+11+1) dimensions. By the equivalence principle, the results model entanglement generation by gravitational effects.
We demonstrate the presence of genuine multipartite entanglement between the modes of quantum fields in nonuniformly moving cavities. The transformations generated by the cavity motion can be considered as multipartite quantum gates. We present two setups for which multimode entanglement can be generated for bosons and fermions. As a highlight we show that the genuine bosonic multipartite correlations can be resonantly enhanced. Our results provide fundamental insights into the structure of Bogoliubov transformations and suggest strong links between quantum information, quantum fields in curved spacetimes and gravitational analogues by way of the equivalence principle.
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We present a general, analytic recipe to compute the entanglement that is generated between arbitrary, discrete modes of bosonic quantum fields by Bogoliubov transformations. Our setup allows the complete characterization of the quantum correlations in all Gaussian field states. Additionally, it holds for all Bogoliubov transformations. These are commonly applied in quantum optics for the description of squeezing operations, relate the mode decompositions of observers in different regions of curved spacetimes, and describe observers moving along non-stationary trajectories. We focus on a quantum optical example in a cavity quantum electrodynamics setting: an uncharged scalar field within a cavity provides a model for an optical resonator, in which entanglement is created by non-uniform acceleration. We show that the amount of generated entanglement can be magnified by initial single-mode squeezing, for which we provide an explicit formula. Applications to quantum fields in curved spacetimes, such as an expanding universe, are discussed.
An open question in the field of relativistic quantum information is how parties in arbitrary motion may distribute and store quantum entanglement. We propose a scheme for storing quantum information in the field modes of cavities moving in flat space-time and analyze it in a quantum field theoretical framework. In contrast with previous work that found entanglement degradation between observers moving with uniform acceleration, we find the quantum information in such systems is protected. We further discuss a method for establishing the entanglement in the first place and show that in principle it is always possible to produce maximally entangled states between the cavities.
We study radiative processes of two qubits coupled to a massless scalar field prepared in the Minkowski vacuum state. The analyze the effects of vacuum fluctuations in the generation of qubits' entangled states is performed. We assume one of the qubits is at rest in an inertial frame while the other comoves with a uniformly rotating frame, i.e., undergoing circular motion. We investigate how the entanglement harvesting phenomenon depends on the radius and angular velocity of the non-inertial qubit. We compute the concurrence and mutual information to identify the set of circular motion parameters that maximizes entanglement generation.
Moving cavities promise to be a suitable system for relativistic quantum information processing. It has been shown that an inertial and a uniformly accelerated one-dimensional cavity can become entangled by letting an atom emit an excitation while it passes through the cavities, but the acceleration degrades the ability to generate entanglement. We show that in the two-dimensional case the entanglement generated is affected not only by the cavity's acceleration but also by its transverse dimension which plays the role of an effective mass.