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arXiv:1112.5494 · Physical Review A

Dynamical revival of phase coherence in a many-boson system

Shi-Jie Yang, Sumin Nie

Published Dec 22, 2010• 5 citations
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Abstract

We study the quantum dynamics of cold Bose atoms in a double well. It is shown that self-trapping as well as population oscillations are common phenomena associated with nonlinear interactions. For larger $U/t$, multiparticle tunneling is damped and the quantum dynamics is dominated by single-particle tunneling. The many-body system can be effectively described in a truncated Fock space. It exhibits coherence-decoherence oscillations in the temporal evolution. We predict an interesting phenomenon of dynamical revival and collapse of matter wave fields in optical lattices in regimes near the superfluid--Mott-insulator phase boundary.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.82.061607

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We study the quantum dynamics of cold Bose atoms in a double well. It is shown that self-trapping as well as population oscillations are common phenomena associated with nonlinear interactions. For larger U/tU/tU/t, multiparticle tunneling is damped and the quantum dynamics is dominated by single-particle tunneling. The many-body system can be effectively described in a truncated Fock space. It exhibits coherence-decoherence oscillations in the temporal evolution. We predict an interesting phenomenon of dynamical revival and collapse of matter wave fields in optical lattices in regimes near the superfluid--Mott-insulator phase boundary.
We predict the existence of novel collapse and revival oscillations that are a distinctive signature of the short-range off-diagonal coherence. Starting with an atomic Mott state in a one-dimensional optical lattice, suddenly raising the lattice depth freezes particle–hole pairs in place and induces phase oscillations. The peak of the quasi-momentum distribution, revealed through time-of-flight interference, oscillates between a maximum occupation at zero quasi-momentum (the Γ point) and the edge of the Brillouin zone. We show that the population enhancements at the edge of the Brillouin zone are due to short-range coherence due to particle–hole pairs, and we find similar effects for fermions and Bose–Fermi mixtures in a lattice. Our results open a new dynamic probe for strongly correlated many-body states with short-range phase coherence that is distinct from the matter–wave collapse and revivals previously observed in the long-range coherent superfluid regime.
Quantum-phase collapse and revival are studied in a binary mixture of bosonic atomic species loaded in a one-dimensional optical lattice. Oscillations in the quasimomentum distribution are usually observed after a sudden quench of the lattice parameters from the superfluid regime to the Mott-insulator regime. The influence of one species dynamics on the collapse and revival oscillations in the quasimomentum distribution of the second species is examined. The nontrivial dependencies on the interspecies and intraspecies interactions are illustrated distinguishing between the zero-tunneling and nonzero-tunneling cases.
We study the dynamics of interacting superfluid bosons in a one-dimensional vertical optical lattice after a sudden increase of the lattice potential depth. We show that this system can be exploited to investigate the effects of strong interactions on Bloch oscillations. We perform theoretical modeling of this system, identify experimental challenges, and explore a regime of Bloch oscillations characterized by interaction-induced matter-wave collapse and revivals which modify the Bloch oscillations dynamics. In addition, we study three dephasing mechanisms: finite value of tunneling, effective three-body interactions, and a background harmonic potential. We also find that the center-of-mass motion in the presence of finite tunneling goes through collapse and revivals, giving an example of quantum transport where interaction-induced revivals are important. We quantify the effects of residual harmonic trapping on the momentum distribution dynamics and show the occurrence of an interaction-modified temporal Talbot effect. Finally, we analyze the prospects and challenges of exploiting Bloch oscillations of cold atoms in the strongly interacting regime for precision measurement of the gravitational acceleration ggg.
Understanding how coherent quantum dynamics give way to correlation-dominated behavior in low-dimensional systems remains a central challenge in quantum many-body physics. Here, we investigate a one-dimensional Bose-Josephson junction confined in a box trap using the multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree method for bosons (MCTDHB). By varying the interaction strength and initial population imbalance, we identify distinct dynamical regimes governed by the competition between coherence and correlation-induced fragmentation. Weak interactions support coherent Josephson oscillations, whereas increasing imbalance leads to damping. At intermediate interaction strength, varying only the initial imbalance induces a crossover from nearly pure coherent oscillations to many-body dephasing with collapse-and-revival dynamics, and ultimately to equilibration accompanied by strong fragmentation and the saturation of many-body observables. In the strongly interacting regime, the system enters a dynamical freezing regime characterized by pronounced fragmentation, well-separated particle-resolved density peaks, and strongly suppressed tunneling. A systematic comparison with the Bose-Hubbard model reveals excellent agreement in the weakly interacting regime, while progressively larger deviations emerge as higher-orbital occupations beyond the two-mode approximation become significant. These results provide a unified picture of the emergence and competition of coherence, many-body dephasing, equilibration, and dynamical freezing, while delineating the regime of validity of the Bose-Hubbard description.
The collapse and revival of localized states in many-body systems is a quintessential example of a quantum interference phenomenon that cannot be explained purely within mean-field theories. Historically, the majority of previous work on quantum revivals has been in a Schrödinger mechanics context, typically for effectively 1D systems with a focus on the autocorrelation function as the key detection observable. The general revival subject acquires a far greater complexity in the bosonic many-body context that offers a larger variety of observables and intrinsically implies high dimensionality. Here, the focus is on the simplest nontrivial (i.e., not 1D) bosonic many-body system, namely a symmetric two-site Bose-Hubbard model. The non-equilibrium situation of a coherent initial state prepared on one of the two sites of this integrable 2D system in the strongly self-trapping regime is considered. The revival behaviors emerging from the resulting dynamics within expectation values, coherences, and the autocorrelation function are theoretically derived, and the entanglement behavior is illustrated. Several new features, unknown so far in the Schrödinger context and identified here in terms of five ``puzzles'', are encountered and discussed, among them, a synchronized resurgence behavior, differing revivals times depending on the specific observable, and a manifestation of a precession that appears in the underlying mean field dynamics. These new phenomena can be entirely understood through a comprehensive semiclassical theory, building upon the underlying classical (mean-field) phase-space structure. A quantitative comparison of the latter with semiclassical predictions and quantum perturbative calculations yields an overall excellent agreement and confirms that a full semiclassical theory is pivotal for the understanding of these genuinely quantum many-body interference phenomena.