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arXiv:1112.1905 · American Journal of Physics

Relation between Poisson and Schrödinger equations

Gabriel González

Published Jul 17, 2012• 14 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

A correspondence between the Poisson and Schrödinger equations is obtained through a simple transformation. This analogy between the two equations applies only to the restricted problem of quantum potentials consisting of a combination of attractive and repulsive delta functions in one dimension. The correspondence enables us to use elementary electrostatic results to find the ground state energy and wave function of the associated quantum problem. In particular, the result shows that it is possible to trap a single electron in a one dimensional ionic crystal modeled by repulsive and attractive delta functions.

DOI
10.1119/1.4722788

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A correspondence between the Poisson and Schrödinger equations is obtained through a simple transformation. This analogy between the two equations applies only to the restricted problem of quantum potentials consisting of a combination of attractive and repulsive delta functions in one dimension. The correspondence enables us to use elementary electrostatic results to find the ground state energy and wave function of the associated quantum problem. In particular, the result shows that it is possible to trap a single electron in a one dimensional ionic crystal modeled by repulsive and attractive delta functions.
A duality between an electrostatic problem in a three dimensional world and a quantum mechanical problem in a one dimensional world which allows one to obtain the ground state solution of the Schrödinger equation by using electrostatic results is generalized to three dimensions. Here, it is demonstrated that the same transformation technique is also applicable to the s-wave Schrödinger equation in three dimensions for central potentials. This approach leads to a general relationship between the electrostatic potential and the s-wave function and the electric energy density to the quantum mechanical energy.
Being comparable in quantum systems makes it possible for spaces with varying dimensions to attribute each other using special conversions can attribute schrodinger equation with like-hydrogen atom potential in defined dimensions to a schrodinger equation with other certified dimensions with isotropic oscillator potential. Applying special transformation provides a relationship between different dimensions of two quantum systems. The result of the quantized isotropic oscillator can be generalized to like-hydrogen atom problem in different dimensions. The connection between coordinate spaces in different dimensions can follow a specific relation that by using it and applying the parametric definition in two problems, energy spectrum and like-hydrogen atom potential wave functions problem will be solved.
Abstract Inseparable Schrödinger equations usually cannot be solved analytically. Most often their solutions are obtained numerically. It would be helpful to have an inseparable Schrödinger equation whose solution can be completely calculated. Perhaps more can be learned about appropriate wave function solutions of complex problems if the solutions of an inseparable Schrödinger equation, solved in terms of simple functions, are available. Such a study is possible using the Dirac delta function as the potential energy for two particles moving on a line. The Dirac delta function problem leads naturally to a consideration of the wave functions' symmetry properties. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004
Introducing a dimensional unit \hbar into classical mechanics, we make classical wave functions √ρ1exp (iS1/\hbar)-√ρ2exp (iS2/\hbar) for a one-particle system in the configuration space where √ρ1exp (iS1/\hbar) corresponds to the incident path (or one half) of an orbit and √ρ2exp (iS2/\hbar) to the outgoing (or another half), and ρ's and S's are densities and actions respectively. These classical wave functions are compared with the corresponding wave functions of solutions of the Schrödinger equation for three one-particle systems, the scattering by a Coulomb potential, the linear harmonic oscillator and an electron bound by a Coulomb potential. From the essential correspondence between them it is concluded that the Schrödinger wave function describes the steady, causal but a little imaginary motion of the one-particle system as √ρexp (iS/\hbar) in the configuration space where ρ is a density and S an action, and that the states which the wave equation describes exist continuously (not discrete) and the (discrete) stationary states are the ones where √ρexp (iS/\hbar) is uniquely determined throughout an orbit. The Dirac equation shows that an electron of optics (or the electromagnetic wave equation) can be considered as the Schrödinger (or Dirac) equation for the motion of a photon, a particle, in a potential. A quantum-electrodynamical wave equation which is composed of the Dirac equation with a Coulomb potential and the electromagnetic wave equation is constructed for the steady motion of a one-electron system without recource to the so-called second-quantization method. It gives finite energy shifts. A line shift is calculated: ΔE(2S1/2 →2P1/2) \cong709 Mc/s.
We extend to the N-body case previous techniques for solving three-body problems with repulsive interparticle potentials and periodic boundary conditions on each particle. For clarity, we begin with one-dimensional problems, although the techniques are not peculiar to them and can be generalized to three dimensions. We decompose the wavefunction ψ into N(N − 1)/2 parts, according to Ψ= ∑ i<j=1Nψij;from the Schrödinger equation we find a basic equation for a typical ψij. As a test of this equation, we apply it for N = 4 and the case of δ-function interactions, and solve it numerically to find close agreement between the energy per particle of a four-body system and a system of the same density in which N → ∞. The numerical results are consistent with the analytic one that Eg(∞), which is the ground-state energy per particle of the system with an infinite number of particles, is related to Eg(N), which is that energy for the N-body system of the same density, by Eg(N) = Eg(∞)[1 − (1/N)] for weak repulsion and by Eg(N) = Eg(∞)[1 − (1/N2)] for very strong repulsion. We begin a similar comparison for the three-dimensional hard-sphere case by working out the problem of two hard spheres with periodic boundary conditions over a length L2 such that the density is the same as for an N-body problem in volume V=LN3:2/L23=N/LN3. We find that we get the analog of the one-dimensional result, for which case Eg(2) = Eg(∞)/2 for N = 2. That is, we find Eg(2) = πa2h/mv, which is just one-half of the many-body theory result. We also calculate the two-body correlation function and find good agreement with the many-body one, as calculated by Lee, Huang, and Yang.