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arXiv:1112.1428 · Physical Review A

Few-photon transport in a waveguide coupled to a pair of colocated two-level atoms

Eden Rephaeli, Şükrü Ekin Kocabaş, Shanhui Fan

Published Dec 14, 2011• 77 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We calculate the one- and two-photon scattering matrices of a pair of collocated nonidentical two-level atoms coupled to a waveguide. We show that by proper choice of a two-photon input, the background fluorescence by the atoms may be completely quenched, as a result of quantum interference, and that when the atoms' detuning is smaller than their linewidths, extremely narrow fluorescence features emerge. Furthermore, the system emits a two-photon bound state which can display spatial oscillations or quantum beats, and can be tuned from bunched to antibunched statistics as the total photon energy is varied.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.84.063832

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We calculate the one- and two-photon scattering matrices of a pair of collocated nonidentical two-level atoms coupled to a waveguide. We show that by proper choice of a two-photon input, the background fluorescence by the atoms may be completely quenched, as a result of quantum interference, and that when the atoms' detuning is smaller than their linewidths, extremely narrow fluorescence features emerge. Furthermore, the system emits a two-photon bound state which can display spatial oscillations or quantum beats, and can be tuned from bunched to antibunched statistics as the total photon energy is varied.
We study two-level systems (2LS) coupled at different points to a one-dimensional waveguide in which one end is open and the other is either open (infinite waveguide) or closed by a mirror (semi-infinite). Upon injection of two photons (corresponding to weak coherent driving), the resonance fluorescence and photon correlations are shaped by the effective qubit transition frequencies and decay rates, which are substantially modified by interference effects. In contrast to the well-known result in an infinite waveguide, photons reflected by a single 2LS coupled to a semi-infinite waveguide are initially bunched, a result that can be simply explained by stimulated emission. As the number of 2LS increases (up to 10 are considered here), rapid oscillations build up in the correlations that persist for a very long time. For instance, when the incoming photons are slightly detuned, the transmitted photons in the infinite waveguide are highly antibunched. On the other hand, upon resonant driving, incoherently reflected photons are mostly distributed within the photonic band gap and several sharp side peaks. These features can be explained by considering the poles of the single-particle Green function in the Markovian regime combined with the time delay. Our calculation is not restricted to the Markovian regime, and we obtain several fully non-Markovian results. We show that a single 2LS in a semi-infinite waveguide can not be decoupled by placing it at the node of the photonic field, in contrast to recent results in the Markovian regime. Our results illustrate the complexities that ensue when several qubits are strongly coupled to a bus (the waveguide) as might happen in quantum information processing.
We investigate the two-photon transport properties inside one-dimensional waveguide side coupled to a cavity. The cavity is doped with a four-level atom. By employing dressed state basis, we show that the atom-cavity molecule produces a nonlinear interaction. The bunching and antibunching of the transmitted and reflected photons can be observed due to the nonlinearity. By tuning the Rabi frequency of the classical field, the transmission and reflection of the correlated photons can be controlled.
Controlling the interaction between photons is one of the important technologies applied to quantum information processing at the few-photon level. We investigate the two-photon interaction via a Ξ-type atom, where one atomic transition is coupled to a one-dimensional waveguide, and the other transition is coupled to a cavity field. Whether the cavity is initially in the vacuum state or not, determines the effective configuration of the quantum emitter. When the cavity is in the vacuum state, only one bound state appears. We further found that the joint probability of transmitted photons oscillates with their spatial separation due to the coexistence of two bound states, if the cavity is in fock state |n〉 (n ≠ 0). With the incoming wave function consists entirely of plane waves, we present the exact out-state function that exhibit the bunching and antibunching behaviors. And, we discuss in detail with the behaviors of varying both the photon pair energy(E) and the energy difference between the two photons (Δ). Moreover, the spatial attraction and repulsion between the two transmitted photons can be controlled by the parameters of the cavity.
ABSTRACT We investigate the transport properties of two photons in a system consisting of an inverted Y –type four‐level atom chirally coupled to a 1D dual‐waveguide structure, focusing on the two‐photon antibunching effect. By analyzing the two‐photon scattering states, we identified a range of nonlinear effects, including spatial attraction and repulsion between photons, background fluorescence, and the emergence of two distinct two‐photon bound states. The key parameters for controlling photon antibunching are systematically identified. In both symmetric and chiral coupling scenarios between the atom and the waveguides, suitably designed two‐photon inputs can eliminate correlations between transmitted photons. This mechanism suppresses the fluorescence quenching through destructive interference between the two bound states, thereby enabling precise control of two‐photon antibunching.
We study two-level systems (2LS) coupled at different points to a one-dimensional waveguide in which one end is open and the other is either open (infinite waveguide) or closed by a mirror (semi-infinite). Upon injection of two photons (corresponding to weak coherent driving), the resonance fluorescence and photon correlations are shaped by the effective qubit transition frequencies and decay rates, which are substantially modified by interference effects. In contrast to the well-known result in an infinite waveguide, photons reflected by a single 2LS coupled to a semi-infinite waveguide are initially bunched, a result that can be simply explained by stimulated emission. As the number of 2LS increases (up to 10 are considered here), rapid oscillations build up in the correlations that persist for a very long time. For instance, when the incoming photons are slightly detuned, the transmitted photons in the infinite waveguide are highly antibunched. On the other hand, upon resonant driving, incoherently reflected photons are mostly distributed within the photonic band gap and several sharp side peaks. These features can be explained by considering the poles of the single particle Green function in the Markovian regime combined with the time delay. Our calculation is not restricted to the Markovian regime, and we obtain several fully non-Markovian results. We show that a single 2LS in a semi-infinite waveguide can not be decoupled by placing it at the node of the photonic field, in contrast to recent results in the Markovian regime. Our results illustrate the complexities that ensue when several qubits are strongly coupled to a bus (the waveguide) as might happen in quantum information processing.
We analyze the role of quantum interference effects induced by an embedded two-level system on the photon transport properties in waveguiding structures that exhibit cutoffs (band edges) in their dispersion relation. In particular, we demonstrate that these systems invariably exhibit single-particle photon-atom bound states and strong effective nonlinear responses on the few-photon level. Based on this, we find that the properties of these photon-atom bound states may be tuned via the underlying dispersion relation and that their occupation can be controlled via multiparticle scattering processes. This opens an interesting route for controlling photon transport properties in a number of solid-state-based quantum optical systems and the realization of corresponding functional elements and devices.