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arXiv:1111.3487 · Physical Review A

Optical realization of two-boson tunneling dynamics

Stefano Longhi

Published Apr 28, 2011• 9 citations
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Abstract

An optical realization of the tunneling dynamics of two interacting bosons in a double-well potential, based on light transport in a four-core microstructured fiber, is proposed. The optical setting enables one to visualize, in a purely classical system, the entire crossover from Rabi oscillations to correlated pair tunneling and to tunneling of a fragmented pair in the fermionization limit.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.83.043835

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An optical realization of the tunneling dynamics of two interacting bosons in a double-well potential, based on light transport in a four-core microstructured fiber, is proposed. The optical setting enables one to visualize, in a purely classical system, the entire crossover from Rabi oscillations to correlated pair tunneling and to tunneling of a fragmented pair in the fermionization limit.
We investigate few-boson tunneling in a one-dimensional double well, covering the full crossover from weak interactions to the fermionization limit of strong correlations. Based on exact quantum-dynamical calculations, it is found that the tunneling dynamics of two atoms evolves from Rabi oscillations to correlated pair tunneling as we increase the interaction strength. Near the fermionization limit, fragmented-pair tunneling is observed and analyzed in terms of the population imbalance and two-body correlations. For more atoms, the tunneling dynamics near fermionization is shown to be sensitive to both atom number and initial configuration.
We study few-boson tunneling in a one-dimensional double well. As we pass from weak interactions to the fermionization limit, the Rabi oscillations first give way to highly delayed pair tunneling (for medium coupling), whereas for very strong correlations multiband Rabi oscillations emerge. All this is explained on the basis of the exact few-body spectrum and without recourse to the conventional two-mode approximation. Two-body correlations are found essential to the understanding of the different tunnel mechanisms. The investigation is complemented by discussing the effect of skewing the double well, which offers the possibility to access specific tunnel resonances.
We study the full-fledged microscopic dynamics of two interacting, ultracold bosons in a one-dimensional double-well potential, through the numerically exact diagonalization of the many-body Hamiltonian. With the particles initially prepared in the left well, we increase the width of the right well in subsequent trap realizations and witness how the tunneling oscillations evolve into particle loss. In this closed system, we analyze the spectral signatures of single- and two-particle tunneling for the entire range of repulsive interactions. We conclude that for comparable widths of the two wells, pairwise tunneling of the bosons may be realized for specific system parameters. In contrast, the decay process (corresponding to a broad right well) is dominated by uncorrelated single-particle decay.
We study few-boson tunneling in a one-dimensional double well with a spatially modulated interaction. The dynamics changes from Rabi oscillations in the noninteracting case to a highly suppressed tunneling for intermediate coupling strengths followed by a reappearance near the fermionization limit. With extreme interaction inhomogeneity in the regime of strong correlations, we observe tunneling between the higher bands. The dynamics is explained on the basis of the few-body spectrum and stationary eigenstates. For a higher number of particles $N\ensuremath{\geqslant}3$, it is shown that the inhomogeneity of the interaction can be tuned to generate tunneling resonances. Finally, a tilted double well and its interplay with the interaction asymmetry are discussed.