Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:1111.2811 · Physical Review B

Real-space entanglement spectrum of quantum Hall systems

Jérôme Dubail, N. Read, Edward H. Rezayi

Published Mar 30, 2012• 102 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We study the real-space entanglement spectrum for fractional quantum Hall systems, which maintains locality along the spatial cut, and provide evidence that it possesses a scaling property. We also consider the closely related particle entanglement spectrum and carry out the Schmidt decomposition of the Laughlin state analytically at large size.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.85.115321

Related papers

Entanglement spectrum edge reconstruction and correlation hole of fractional quantum Hall liquids

Li-Xia Wei, Na Jiang, Qi Li +1 more

The edge of the electronic fractional quantum Hall (FQH) system obeys the law of the chiral Luttinger liquid theory due to its intrinsic topological properties and the relation of bulk-edge correspondence. However, in a realistic experimental system, such as the usual Hall bar setup, the softening of the background confinement potential can induce the reconstruction of the edge spectrum, which breaks the chirality and universality of the FQH edge. The entanglement spectrum (ES) of the FQH ground state has the same counting structure as that of the energy spectrum indicating the topological characters of the quantum state. In this work, we report that the ES can also have an edge reconstruction while sweeping the area of the subsystem in real space cut. Moreover, we found that the critical area of the subsystem matches accurately with the intrinsic building block of the FQH liquids, namely the correlation hole of the FQH liquids. The above results seem to be universal after our study of a series of typical FQH states, such as two Laughlin states at $\ensuremath{\nu}=1/3$ and $1/5$, and the Moore-Read state for $\ensuremath{\nu}=5/2$.

arXiv:1910.11975•Physical review. B./Physical review. B•Feb 27, 2020•4 citations

Entanglement spectrum of composite fermion states in real space

Ivan Dario Jimenez Rodriguez, Simon C. Davenport, Steven H. Simon +1 more

We study the entanglement spectra of many-particle systems in states which are closely related to products of Slater determinants or products of permanents, or combinations of the two. Such states notably include the Laughlin and Jain composite fermion states which describe most of the observed conductance plateaus of the fractional quantum Hall effect. We identify a set of entanglement wave functions (EWFs), for subsets of the particles, which completely describe the entanglement spectra of such product wave functions, both in real space and in particle space. A subset of the EWFs for the Laughlin and Jain states can be recognized as composite fermion states. These states provide an exact description of the low angular-momentum sectors of the real-space entanglement spectrum (RSES) of these trial wave functions and a physical explanation of the branches of excitations observed in the RSES of the Jain states.

arXiv:1305.5834•Physical Review B•Oct 9, 2013•27 citations

Real-space entanglement spectrum of quantum Hall states

Antoine Sterdyniak, Anushya Chandran, Nicolas Regnault +2 more

We investigate the entanglement spectra arising from sharp real-space partitions of the system for quantum Hall states. These partitions differ from the previously utilized orbital and particle partitions and reveal complementary aspects of the physics of these topologically ordered systems. We show, by constructing one to one maps to the particle partition entanglement spectra, that the counting of the real-space entanglement spectra levels for different particle number sectors versus their angular momentum along the spatial partition boundary is equal to the counting of states for the system with a number of (unpinned) bulk quasiholes excitations corresponding to the same particle and flux numbers. This proves that, for an ideal model state described by a conformal field theory, the real-space entanglement spectra level counting is bounded by the counting of the conformal field theory edge modes. This bound is known to be saturated in the thermodynamic limit (and at finite sizes for certain states). Numerically analyzing several ideal model states, we find that the real-space entanglement spectra indeed display the edge modes dispersion relations expected from their corresponding conformal field theories. We also numerically find that the real-space entanglement spectra of Coulomb interaction ground states exhibit a series of branches, which we relate to the model state and (above an entanglement gap) to its quasiparticle-quasihole excitations. We also numerically compute the entanglement entropy for the $\ensuremath{\nu}=1$ integer quantum Hall state with real-space partitions and compare against the analytic prediction. We find that the entanglement entropy indeed scales linearly with the boundary length for large enough systems, but that the attainable system sizes are still too small to provide a reliable extraction of the subleading topological entanglement entropy term.

arXiv:1111.2810•Physical Review B•Mar 16, 2012•113 citations

Entanglement Spectrum as a Generalization of Entanglement Entropy: Identification of Topological Order in Non-Abelian Fractional Quantum Hall Effect States

Hui Li, F. D. M. Haldane

We study the "entanglement spectrum" (a presentation of the Schmidt decomposition analogous to a set of "energy levels") of a many-body state, and compare the Moore-Read model wave function for the nu=5/2 fractional quantum Hall state with a generic 5/2 state obtained by finite-size diagonalization of the second-Landau-level-projected Coulomb interactions. Their spectra share a common "gapless" structure, related to conformal field theory. In the model state, these are the only levels, while in the "generic" case, they are separated from the rest of the spectrum by a clear "entanglement gap", which appears to remain finite in the thermodynamic limit. We propose that the low-lying entanglement spectrum can be used as a "fingerprint" to identify topological order.

arXiv:0805.0332•Physical Review Letters•Jul 3, 2008•1,647 citations

Real-space entanglement spectra of lowest Landau level projected fractional quantum Hall states using Monte Carlo methods

Abhishek Anand, G. J. Sreejith

Real-space entanglement spectrum (RSES) of a quantum Hall (QH) wave function gives a natural route to infer the nature of its edge excitations. Computation of RSES becomes expensive with increase in number of particles and number of included Landau levels (LL). RSES can be efficiently computed using Monte Carlo (MC) methods for trial states that can be written as products of determinants such as the composite fermion (CF) and parton states. This computational efficiency applies also to the RSES of lowest Landau level (LLL) projected CF and parton states, however, LLL projection to be used here requires approximations that generalize the Jain Kamilla (JK) projection. This work is a careful study of how this approximation should be done. We identify the approximation that is closest in spirit to JK projection, and perform tests of the approximations involved in the projection by comparing the MC results with the RSES obtained from computationally expensive but exact methods. We present the techniques and use them to calculate exact RSES of the exact LLL projected bosonic Jain $2/3$ state in bipartition of systems of sizes up to $N=24$ on the sphere. For the lowest few angular momentum sectors of the RSES, we present evidence to show that MC results closely match the exact spectra. We also compare other plausible projection schemes. We also calculate the exact RSES of the unprojected fermionic Jain $2/5$ state obtained from exact diagonalization of the Trugman-Kivelson Hamiltonian in the two lowest LLs on the sphere. By comparing with the RSES of the unprojected $2/5$ state from Monte Carlo methods, we show that the latter is practically exact.

arXiv:2210.11514•Physical review. B./Physical review. B•Feb 3, 2023•2 citations

Nonlocal Order in Gapless Systems: Entanglement Spectrum in Spin Chains

Ronny Thomale, Daniel P. Arovas, Bogdan Andrei Bernevig

We show that the entanglement spectrum can be used to define non-local order in gapless spin systems. We find a gap that fully separates a series of generic, high "entanglement energy" levels, from a flat band of levels with specific multiplicities defining the ground state, and remains finite in the thermodynamic limit. We pick the appropriate set of quantum numbers and partition the system in this space, corresponding to a nonlocal real-space cut. Despite the Laughlin state being bulk gapped while the antiferromagnetic spin chain state is bulk gapless, we show that the S=1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet in one dimension has an entanglement spectrum almost identical to that of the Laughlin Fractional Quantum Hall state in two dimensions, revealing the similar field theory of their low-energy bulk and edge excitations, respectively. We also discuss the dimerization transition from entanglement gap scaling.

arXiv:0912.0028•Physical Review Letters•Sep 9, 2010•153 citations
We study the real-space entanglement spectrum for fractional quantum Hall systems, which maintains locality along the spatial cut, and provide evidence that it possesses a scaling property. We also consider the closely related particle entanglement spectrum and carry out the Schmidt decomposition of the Laughlin state analytically at large size.
The edge of the electronic fractional quantum Hall (FQH) system obeys the law of the chiral Luttinger liquid theory due to its intrinsic topological properties and the relation of bulk-edge correspondence. However, in a realistic experimental system, such as the usual Hall bar setup, the softening of the background confinement potential can induce the reconstruction of the edge spectrum, which breaks the chirality and universality of the FQH edge. The entanglement spectrum (ES) of the FQH ground state has the same counting structure as that of the energy spectrum indicating the topological characters of the quantum state. In this work, we report that the ES can also have an edge reconstruction while sweeping the area of the subsystem in real space cut. Moreover, we found that the critical area of the subsystem matches accurately with the intrinsic building block of the FQH liquids, namely the correlation hole of the FQH liquids. The above results seem to be universal after our study of a series of typical FQH states, such as two Laughlin states at $\ensuremath{\nu}=1/3$ and 1/51/51/5, and the Moore-Read state for $\ensuremath{\nu}=5/2$.
We study the entanglement spectra of many-particle systems in states which are closely related to products of Slater determinants or products of permanents, or combinations of the two. Such states notably include the Laughlin and Jain composite fermion states which describe most of the observed conductance plateaus of the fractional quantum Hall effect. We identify a set of entanglement wave functions (EWFs), for subsets of the particles, which completely describe the entanglement spectra of such product wave functions, both in real space and in particle space. A subset of the EWFs for the Laughlin and Jain states can be recognized as composite fermion states. These states provide an exact description of the low angular-momentum sectors of the real-space entanglement spectrum (RSES) of these trial wave functions and a physical explanation of the branches of excitations observed in the RSES of the Jain states.
We investigate the entanglement spectra arising from sharp real-space partitions of the system for quantum Hall states. These partitions differ from the previously utilized orbital and particle partitions and reveal complementary aspects of the physics of these topologically ordered systems. We show, by constructing one to one maps to the particle partition entanglement spectra, that the counting of the real-space entanglement spectra levels for different particle number sectors versus their angular momentum along the spatial partition boundary is equal to the counting of states for the system with a number of (unpinned) bulk quasiholes excitations corresponding to the same particle and flux numbers. This proves that, for an ideal model state described by a conformal field theory, the real-space entanglement spectra level counting is bounded by the counting of the conformal field theory edge modes. This bound is known to be saturated in the thermodynamic limit (and at finite sizes for certain states). Numerically analyzing several ideal model states, we find that the real-space entanglement spectra indeed display the edge modes dispersion relations expected from their corresponding conformal field theories. We also numerically find that the real-space entanglement spectra of Coulomb interaction ground states exhibit a series of branches, which we relate to the model state and (above an entanglement gap) to its quasiparticle-quasihole excitations. We also numerically compute the entanglement entropy for the $\ensuremath{\nu}=1$ integer quantum Hall state with real-space partitions and compare against the analytic prediction. We find that the entanglement entropy indeed scales linearly with the boundary length for large enough systems, but that the attainable system sizes are still too small to provide a reliable extraction of the subleading topological entanglement entropy term.
We study the "entanglement spectrum" (a presentation of the Schmidt decomposition analogous to a set of "energy levels") of a many-body state, and compare the Moore-Read model wave function for the nu=5/2 fractional quantum Hall state with a generic 5/2 state obtained by finite-size diagonalization of the second-Landau-level-projected Coulomb interactions. Their spectra share a common "gapless" structure, related to conformal field theory. In the model state, these are the only levels, while in the "generic" case, they are separated from the rest of the spectrum by a clear "entanglement gap", which appears to remain finite in the thermodynamic limit. We propose that the low-lying entanglement spectrum can be used as a "fingerprint" to identify topological order.
Real-space entanglement spectrum (RSES) of a quantum Hall (QH) wave function gives a natural route to infer the nature of its edge excitations. Computation of RSES becomes expensive with increase in number of particles and number of included Landau levels (LL). RSES can be efficiently computed using Monte Carlo (MC) methods for trial states that can be written as products of determinants such as the composite fermion (CF) and parton states. This computational efficiency applies also to the RSES of lowest Landau level (LLL) projected CF and parton states, however, LLL projection to be used here requires approximations that generalize the Jain Kamilla (JK) projection. This work is a careful study of how this approximation should be done. We identify the approximation that is closest in spirit to JK projection, and perform tests of the approximations involved in the projection by comparing the MC results with the RSES obtained from computationally expensive but exact methods. We present the techniques and use them to calculate exact RSES of the exact LLL projected bosonic Jain 2/32/32/3 state in bipartition of systems of sizes up to N=24N=24N=24 on the sphere. For the lowest few angular momentum sectors of the RSES, we present evidence to show that MC results closely match the exact spectra. We also compare other plausible projection schemes. We also calculate the exact RSES of the unprojected fermionic Jain 2/52/52/5 state obtained from exact diagonalization of the Trugman-Kivelson Hamiltonian in the two lowest LLs on the sphere. By comparing with the RSES of the unprojected 2/52/52/5 state from Monte Carlo methods, we show that the latter is practically exact.
We show that the entanglement spectrum can be used to define non-local order in gapless spin systems. We find a gap that fully separates a series of generic, high "entanglement energy" levels, from a flat band of levels with specific multiplicities defining the ground state, and remains finite in the thermodynamic limit. We pick the appropriate set of quantum numbers and partition the system in this space, corresponding to a nonlocal real-space cut. Despite the Laughlin state being bulk gapped while the antiferromagnetic spin chain state is bulk gapless, we show that the S=1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet in one dimension has an entanglement spectrum almost identical to that of the Laughlin Fractional Quantum Hall state in two dimensions, revealing the similar field theory of their low-energy bulk and edge excitations, respectively. We also discuss the dimerization transition from entanglement gap scaling.