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arXiv:1111.1425 · Journal of Statistical Physics

Matter Density and Relativistic Models of Wave Function Collapse

Daniel Bedingham, Detlef Dürr, G. C. Ghirardi, Sheldon Goldstein, Roderich Tumulka, Nino Zanghı̀

Published Aug 14, 2013• 150 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1007/s10955-013-0814-9

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A picture of dynamical collapse of the wave function which is relativistic and time symmetric is presented. The part of the model which exhibits these features is the set of collapse outcomes. These play the role of matter distributed in space and time. It is argued that the dynamically collapsing quantum state, which is both foliation dependent and follows a time-asymmetric dynamics, is not fundamental: it represents a state of information about the past matter distribution for the purpose of estimating the future matter distribution. It is also argued from the point of view of collapse models that both special and general relativistic considerations point towards a discrete spacetime structure and that gravity may not need to be quantised to give a theory that is consistent with quantum matter.

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In order to reconcile the wave-function collapse in quantum mechanics with the finiteness of signals' propagation in general relativity, we delve into a stochastic version of the Ricci flow and study its non-relativistic limit in presence of matter. We hence derive the Diósi-Penrose collapse model for the wave-function of a quantum gas. The procedure entails additional parameters with respect to phenomenological models hitherto accounted for, including the temperature of the gas and the cosmological constant, in turn related to the stochastic gravitational noise responsible for the collapse.
Ever since we have been in the possession of quantum theories without observers, such as Bohmian mechanics or the Ghirardi‐Rimini‐Weber (GRW) theory of spontaneous wave function collapse, a major challenge in the foundations of quantum mechanics is to devise a relativistic quantum theory without observers. One of the difficulties is to reconcile nonlocality with relativity. I report about recent progress in this direction based on the GRW model: A relativistic version of the model has been devised for the case of N noninteracting (but entangled) particles. A key ingredient was to focus not on the evolution of the wave function but rather on the evolution of the matter in space‐time as determined by the wave function.
A picture of dynamical collapse of the wave function which is relativistic and time symmetric is presented. The part of the model which exhibits these features is the set of collapse outcomes. These play the role of matter distributed in space and time. It is argued that the dynamically collapsing quantum state, which is both foliation dependent and follows a time-asymmetric dynamics, is not fundamental: it represents a state of information about the past matter distribution for the purpose of estimating the future matter distribution. It is also argued from the point of view of collapse models that both special and general relativistic considerations point towards a discrete spacetime structure and that gravity may not need to be quantised to give a theory that is consistent with quantum matter.