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arXiv:1110.6215 · Physical Review Letters

Reversible Optical-to-Microwave Quantum Interface

Sh. Barzanjeh, Mehdi Abdi, Gerard J Milburn, P. Tombesi, David Vitali

Published Sep 28, 2012• 273 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We describe a reversible quantum interface between an optical and a microwave field using a hybrid device based on their common interaction with a micromechanical resonator in a superconducting circuit. We show that, by employing state-of-the-art optoelectromechanical devices, one can realize an effective source of (bright) two-mode squeezing with an optical idler (signal) and a microwave signal, which can be used for high-fidelity transfer of quantum states between optical and microwave fields by means of continuous variable teleportation.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.109.130503

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We describe a reversible quantum interface between an optical and a microwave field using a hybrid device based on their common interaction with a micromechanical resonator in a superconducting circuit. We show that, by employing state-of-the-art optoelectromechanical devices, one can realize an effective source of (bright) two-mode squeezing with an optical idler (signal) and a microwave signal, which can be used for high-fidelity transfer of quantum states between optical and microwave fields by means of continuous variable teleportation.
A number of schemes for a quantum interface between light at different wavelengths have been demonstrated and very recently various solutions for interfacing optics and microwaves have been proposed. We describe here a reversible quantum interface between optical and microwave photons based on a micro-mechanical resonator in a superconducting circuit, simultaneously interacting with an optical and a microwave cavity. When the cavities are appropriately driven, the mechanical resonator mediates an effective parametric amplifier interaction, entangling an optical signal and a microwave idler. Such continuous variable (CV) entanglement can be then exploited to implement CV teleportation. The optical output is mixed with an optical `client' field in an unknown quantum state on a beam splitter at the transmitting site (Alice). The two outputs are then subject to homodyne detection and the classical measurement results communicated to the receiving site (Bob). Upon receipt of these results, Bob makes a conditional displacement of the microwave field, again using beam splitters and a coherent microwave source. The resulting state of the output microwave field is then prepared in the same quantum state as the optical input state. The process is entirely symmetric: the Alice and Bob roles can be exchanged and an unknown input microwave field can be teleported onto the optical output field at Alice, realising therefore a reversible quantum state transfer between fields at completely different wavelengths.
Quantum states encoded in microwave photons or qubits can be effectively manipulated, whereas optical photons can be coherently transferred via optical fibre and waveguide. The reversible conversion of quantum states between microwave and optical photons will hence enable the distribution of quantum information over long distance and significantly improve the scalability of hybrid quantum systems. Owning to technological advances, mechanical resonators couple to quantum devices in distinctly different spectral range with tunable coupling, and can serve as a powerful interface to connect those devices. In this review, recent theory and experimental progress in the coherent conversion between microwave and optical fields via optoelectromechanical transducers are summarized. The challenges and perspectives in achieving single‐photon‐level quantum state conversion are also discussed.
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Optoelectromechanical quantum interfaces can be utilized to connect systems with distinctively different frequencies in hybrid quantum networks. Here we present a scheme of nonreciprocal quantum-state conversion between microwave and optical photons via an optoelectromechanical interface. By introducing an auxiliary cavity and manipulating the phase differences between the linearized light-matter couplings, unidirectional state transmission that is immune to mechanical noise can be achieved. This interface can function as an isolator, a circulator, and a two-way switch that routes the input state to a designated output channel. We show that under a generalized impedance matching condition the state conversion can prevent thermal fluctuations of the mechanical mode from propagating to the cavity outputs and reach high fidelity. The realization of this scheme is also discussed.
Abstract We propose an efficient microwave-photonic modulator as a resource for stationary entangled microwave-optical fields and develop the theory for deterministic entanglement generation and quantum state transfer in multi-resonant electro-optic systems. The device is based on a single crystal whispering gallery mode resonator integrated into a 3D-microwave cavity. The specific design relies on a new combination of thin-film technology and conventional machining that is optimized for the lowest dissipation rates in the microwave, optical, and mechanical domains. We extract important device properties from finite-element simulations and predict continuous variable entanglement generation rates on the order of a Mebit/s for optical pump powers of only a few tens of microwatts. We compare the quantum state transfer fidelities of coherent, squeezed, and non-Gaussian cat states for both teleportation and direct conversion protocols under realistic conditions. Combining the unique capabilities of circuit quantum electrodynamics with the resilience of fiber optic communication could facilitate long-distance solid-state qubit networks, new methods for quantum signal synthesis, quantum key distribution, and quantum enhanced detection, as well as more power-efficient classical sensing and modulation.
We propose a scheme to implement quantum state transfer between two distant quantum nodes via a hybrid solid–optomechanical interface. The quantum state is encoded on the native superconducting qubit, and transferred to the microwave photon, then the optical photon successively, which afterwards is transmitted to the remote node by cavity leaking, and finally the quantum state is transferred to the remote superconducting qubit. The high efficiency of the state transfer is achieved by controllable Gaussian pulses sequence and numerically demonstrated with theoretically feasible parameters. Our scheme has the potential to implement unified quantum computing–communication–computing, and high fidelity of the microwave–optics–microwave transfer process of the quantum state.