A fundamental problem in quantum information is to describe efficiently multipartite quantum states. An efficient representation in terms of graphs exists for several families of quantum states (graph, cluster, and stabilizer states), motivating us to extend this construction to other classes. We introduce an axiomatic framework for mapping graphs to quantum states of a suitable physical system. Starting from three general axioms we derived a rich structure which includes and generalizes several classes of multipartite entangled state, like graph or stabilizer states, Gaussian cluster states, quantum random networks, and projected entangled pair states. Due to its flexibility we can extend the present formalism to include directed and weighted graphs.
A fundamental problem in quantum information is to describe efficiently multipartite quantum states. An efficient representation in terms of graphs exists for several families of quantum states (graph, cluster, and stabilizer states), motivating us to extend this construction to other classes. We introduce an axiomatic framework for mapping graphs to quantum states of a suitable physical system. Starting from three general axioms we derived a rich structure which includes and generalizes several classes of multipartite entangled state, like graph or stabilizer states, Gaussian cluster states, quantum random networks, and projected entangled pair states. Due to its flexibility we can extend the present formalism to include directed and weighted graphs.
Ionicioiu and Spiller [Phys. Rev. A 85, 062313 (2012)] have recently presented an axiomatic framework for mapping graphs to quantum states of a suitable physical system. Based on their study, we first extend the axiomatic framework to hypergraphs by means of modifying its axioms and consistency conditions. Then we use the axiomatic approach to encode hypergraphs into a different family of quantum states, called the hypergraph states. Moreover, we also try to do the following: (i) show that real equally weighted states, which occur in Grover and Deutsch-Jozsa algorithms, are equivalent to hypergraph states; (ii) describe the relations among hypergraph states, graph states, and stabilizer states; (iii) provide some transformation rules, stated in purely hypergraph theoretical terms, which completely characterize the evolution of hypergraph states under some local operations, including operators in the Pauli group and some special local Pauli measurements; and (iv) investigate some properties of multipartite entanglement of hypergraph states by hypergraph theory.
Efficient representations of multipartite quantum states play a fundamental role in quantum information theory, providing both conceptual insight and practical tools for characterizing entanglement. Motivated by the axiomatic framework for graph states [Phys. Rev. A 85, 062313 (2012)] and its subsequent extension to hypergraph states [Phys. Rev. A 87, 022311 (2013)], we introduce an axiomatic construction of \emph{matroid states}, a new family of multipartite quantum states associated with matroids. Our constructions are based on a set of axioms analogous to those that define graph and hypergraph states, yielding a consistent quantum representation of arbitrary matroids. Two ways of constructing matroid states are proposed: the first is defined in terms of circuits, and the second in terms of independent sets. In both approaches, we establish the existence of universal global operators that satisfy desirable properties such as locality, symmetry, commutativity, and are associated with the combinatorial structure of matroids. Furthermore, we establish a hierarchy connecting graph, matroid, and hypergraph states within a unified framework. Additionally, we show how to obtain an arbitrary graph state by applying suitable families of matroid states, whose corresponding operators are the generators of the stabilizer subgroup of the graph state. These results identify matroid theory as a natural combinatorial language for the efficient description of multipartite quantum states and open new perspectives for the investigation of quantum entanglement and related combinatorial structures.
Quantum hypergraph states extend the well-studied class of graph states by taking into account multi-qubit interactions through hyperedges. They provide a powerful framework to represent a family of quantum states with genuine multipartite entanglement. In this review, we provide a compact overview of the formal structure, entanglement characteristics, and operational relevance of hypergraph states in quantum information theory. We begin by introducing their mathematical foundations and generalizations of the stabilizer formalism. A central focus is placed on their entanglement properties, including the classification under local unitary (LU) and stochastic local operations with classical communication (SLOCC), the quantification of multipartite entanglement, and detection techniques via entanglement witnesses. We also explore other nonclassical features of hypergraph states, such as contextuality and genuine multipartite nonlocality, derived from stabilizer-based Bell-type inequalities. Additional attention is given to the role of hypergraph states in error correction, and as a computational resource in measurement-based quantum computation (MBQC), and to their non-stabilizer character - quantified via resource-theoretic measures of quantum magic. Finally we review their generalization to higher dimensions, i.e. to qudits and continuous variables.
Quantum hypergraph states extend the well-studied class of graph states by taking into account multi-qubit interactions through hyperedges. They provide a powerful framework to represent a family of quantum states with genuine multipartite entanglement. In this review, we provide a compact overview of the formal structure, entanglement characteristics, and operational relevance of hypergraph states in quantum information theory. We begin by introducing their mathematical foundations and generalizations of the stabilizer formalism. A central focus is placed on their entanglement properties, including the classification under local unitary and stochastic local operations with classical communication, the quantification of multipartite entanglement, and detection techniques via entanglement witnesses. We also explore other nonclassical features of hypergraph states, such as contextuality and genuine multipartite nonlocality, derived from stabilizer-based Bell-type inequalities. Additional attention is given to the role of hypergraph states in error correction, and as a computational resource in measurement-based quantum computation, and to their non-stabilizer character, quantified via resource-theoretic measures of quantum magic. Finally we review their generalization to higher dimensions, i.e. to qudits and continuous variables.
While stabilizer tableaus have proven exceptionally useful as a descriptive tool for additive quantum codes, they offer little guidance for concrete constructions or coding algorithm analysis. We introduce a representation of stabilizer codes as graphs with certain structures. Specifically, the graphs take a semi-bipartite form where input nodes map to output nodes, such that output nodes may connect to each other but input nodes may not. Intuitively, the graph's input-output edges represent information propagation of the encoder, while output-output edges represent the code's entanglement. We prove that this graph representation is in bijection with tableaus and give an efficient compilation algorithm that transforms tableaus into graphs. We show that this map is efficiently invertible, which gives a universal recipe for code construction by finding graphs with nice properties. The graph representation gives insight into both code construction and algorithms. To the former, we argue that graphs provide a flexible platform for building codes. We construct several constant-size codes and several infinite code families. We also use graphs to extend the quantum Gilbert-Varshamov bound to a three-way distance-rate-weight trade-off. To the latter, we show that key coding algorithms, distance approximation, weight reduction, and decoding, are unified as instances of a single optimization game on a graph. Moreover, key code properties such as distance, weight, and encoding circuit depth, are all controlled by the graph degree. We give efficient algorithms for producing encoding circuits whose depths scale with the degree and for implementing certain logical diagonal and Clifford gates with reduced depth. Finally, we find an efficient decoding algorithm for certain classes of graphs. These results give evidence that graphs are useful for the study of quantum computing and its implementations.
The present paper is concerned with the concept of the one-way quantum computer, beyond binary-systems, and its relation to the concept of stabilizer quantum codes. This relation is exploited to analyze a particular class of quantum algorithms, called graph algorithms, which correspond in the binary case to the Clifford group part of a network and which can efficiently be implemented on a one-way quantum computer. These algorithms can ``completely be solved" in the sense that the manipulation of quantum states in each step can be computed explicitly. Graph algorithms are precisely those which implement encoding schemes for graph codes. Starting from a given initial graph, which represents the underlying resource of multipartite entanglement, each step of the algorithm is related to a explicit transformation on the graph.