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arXiv:1110.3610

Reflectivity and transmissivity of an optical cavity coupled to two-level atoms: Coherence properties and the influence of atomic phase noise

Brian Julsgaard, Klaus Mølmer

Published Oct 17, 2011• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We consider N identical two-level atoms coupled to an optical cavity, which is coherently driven by an external field. In the limit of small atomic excitation, the reflection and transmission coefficients for both fields and intensities are calculated analytically. In addition, the frequency content of the cavity field and hence also the emission spectrum of the cavity is determined. It is discussed in particular how individual collisional dephasing and common atomic energy-level fluctuations prevent the cavity field from being in a coherent state, which in turn affects the outgoing fields.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1110.3610

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We consider N identical two-level atoms coupled to an optical cavity, which is coherently driven by an external field. In the limit of small atomic excitation, the reflection and transmission coefficients for both fields and intensities are calculated analytically. In addition, the frequency content of the cavity field and hence also the emission spectrum of the cavity is determined. It is discussed in particular how individual collisional dephasing and common atomic energy-level fluctuations prevent the cavity field from being in a coherent state, which in turn affects the outgoing fields.
There is increasing interest in the photon statistics and spectroscopic properties of the radiation from atoms confined in an optical cavity. Effects such as the cavity enhancement and inhibition of spontaneous emission, which were first observed using microwave cavities, have recently been measured at optical frequencies.1 Recent measurements of squeezing and the dynamic effects of single-quantum-level splittings also demonstrate the possibilities for quantum-statistical studies of coupled atom-cavity systems at optical frequencies.2 We study a single two-level atom confined inside an optical cavity which is driven by coherent light in resonance with both cavity and atom. For weak driving field intensities we have calculated the spectrum of the light transmitted by the cavity and fluorescence out the sides of the cavity.
The second-order intensity correlation function for the light transmitted from a driven optical cavity containing identical two-level atoms is calculated in the weak-field limit by using the equations for expectation values of operators. Atomic nonradiative dephasing is taken into account in addition to cavity-field damping and atomic radiative decay. The correlation function including the atomic nonradiative dephasing rate is numerically calculated. An analytic expression for the correlation function is also derived in the case of purely radiative atomic decay.
The field of quantum optomechanics is newly grooming research field, availed good attention in the last couple of years. Here, we theoretically study the system of optomechanics containing a two-level atom, which is coupled to the cavity field, and driven coherently by external fields. Analytical results for the system’s operator dynamics, steady state solutions and transmissivity of optomechanical system are calculated. Transmission (optical response) from the optomechanical system shows some useful information about the current optomechanical system. Particularly, [Formula: see text] = [Formula: see text]-g0([Formula: see text] + [Formula: see text]) is a crucial quantity in optomechanics, focused as main parameters in this paper. Optical transmission is studied in two regions. The first region (case) (i) when [Formula: see text] = [Formula: see text] - [Formula: see text], and in second region (case), (ii) [Formula: see text] = [Formula: see text] + [Formula: see text]. The transmission is examined and discussed with respect to the mechanical frequency of the oscillating mirror.
We study the time response of a quantum optical system to a step excitation. The system is composed of a collection of N two-level atoms coupled to a single mode of the electromagnetic field of an optical cavity. The size of the step excitation is not limited to the low-intensity regime. Before the system reaches steady state there is an oscillatory exchange of energy between the atoms and the cavity. We compare the experimental results quantitatively with theoretical calculations and with previous transmission spectroscopy measurements.
We consider an optical cavity containing a single two-level atom driven on resonance by an external laser source.1 We focus on the limit of weak excitation where the dynamic response of this system is governed by just three parameters: the atom-field coupling constant g, spontaneous emission rate γ for the atom, and cavity decay rate κ. The statistics of the transmitted light are analyzed as a function of g, γ, and κ, in terms of the second-order correlation function g(2)(τ), and the quadrature variances measured in a homodyne detection scheme. Squeezing and photon antibunching exist over a wide range of parameters. For γ ~ κ, the system can exhibit an oscillatory response, even when the mean intracavity photon number is much less than unity.2 The oscillations can be understood in terms of the coupling between the free atom-field eigenstates |0,−>, |0,+>, and |1,−>. The oscillation frequency is determined by the energy level splitting produced between the degenerate one-quantum states |0,+> and |1,−> by the atom-field interaction. The second-order correlation function can exhibit a novel nonclassical effect, where, for g(2)(0) ≠ 0, at some finite delay τ0, the correlation function dips exactly to zero—g(2)(τ0) = 0.
The cavity field spectra of two-mode field both in the binomial state interacting with a two-level atom through intensity-dependent coupling in an ideal cavity is investigated. The results for the weak initial fields are calculated. The influence of the quantum interference on the cavity field spectra is discussed. Its found that when the difference of the initial two-mode field frequency Δ is larger than g (g is the coupling coefficient between atom and the field) the influence of the quantum interference on the spectra structure can be ignored, the system spectrum is only the superimposition of the two mode spectra. When Δ is smaller than g the quantum interference between the two-mode spectra is especially obvious. The quantum interference between the two-mode spectra should not be considered when the initial field is stronger.