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arXiv:1110.2925 · Physical Review B

Repulsion-to-attraction transition in correlated electron systems triggered by a monocycle pulse

Naoto Tsuji, Takashi Oka, Hideo Aoki, Philipp Werner

Published Apr 16, 2012• 46 citations
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Abstract

We study the time evolution of the Hubbard model driven by a half-cycle or monocycle pulsed electric field $F(t)$ using the nonequilibrium dynamical mean-field theory. We find that for properly chosen pulse shapes the electron-electron interaction can be effectively and permanently switched from repulsive to attractive if there is no energy dissipation. The physics behind the interaction conversion is a nonadiabatic shift $\ensuremath{\delta}$ of the population in momentum space. When $\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\sim}\ensuremath{\pi}$, the shifted population relaxes to a negative-temperature state, which leads to the interaction switching. Due to electron correlation effects $\ensuremath{\delta}$ deviates from the dynamical phase $\ensuremath{\varphi}=\ensuremath{\int}dtF(t)$, which enables the seemingly counterintuitive repulsion-to-attraction transition by a monocycle pulse with $\ensuremath{\varphi}=0$.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.85.155124

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We study the time evolution of the Hubbard model driven by a half-cycle or monocycle pulsed electric field F(t)F(t)F(t) using the nonequilibrium dynamical mean-field theory. We find that for properly chosen pulse shapes the electron-electron interaction can be effectively and permanently switched from repulsive to attractive if there is no energy dissipation. The physics behind the interaction conversion is a nonadiabatic shift \ensuremathδ\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremathδ of the population in momentum space. When \ensuremathδ\ensuremath∼\ensuremathπ\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\sim}\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremathδ\ensuremath∼\ensuremathπ, the shifted population relaxes to a negative-temperature state, which leads to the interaction switching. Due to electron correlation effects \ensuremathδ\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremathδ deviates from the dynamical phase \ensuremathφ=\ensuremath∫dtF(t)\ensuremath{\varphi}=\ensuremath{\int}dtF(t)\ensuremathφ=\ensuremath∫dtF(t), which enables the seemingly counterintuitive repulsion-to-attraction transition by a monocycle pulse with \ensuremathφ=0\ensuremath{\varphi}=0\ensuremathφ=0.
Many-electron dynamics induced by a symmetric monocycle electric-field pulse of large amplitude is theoretically investigated in one- and two-dimensional half-filled extended Hubbard models on regular lattices (i.e., without dimerization) using the exact diagonalization method for small systems and the Hartree-Fock approximation for large systems. The formation of a negative-temperature state and the change from repulsive interactions to effective attractive interactions are shown to be realized for a wide region of the field amplitude and the excitation energy. For a nonnegligible intersite repulsive interaction, the numerical results are consistent with the fact that the phase separation between charge-rich and charge-poor regions is caused by the corresponding effective attraction.
We show theoretically that the sudden application of an appropriate ac field to correlated lattice fermions flips the band structure and effectively switches the interaction from repulsive to attractive.The nonadiabatically driven system is characterized by a negative temperature with a population inversion.We numerically demonstrate the converted interaction in an ac-driven Hubbard model with the nonequilibrium dynamical mean-field theory solved by the continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo method.Based on this, we propose an efficient ramp-up protocol for ac fields that can suppress heating, which leads to an effectively attractive Hubbard model with a temperature below the superconducting transition temperature of the equilibrium system.
We show theoretically that the sudden application of an appropriate ac field to correlated lattice fermions flips the band structure and effectively switches the interaction from repulsive to attractive. The nonadiabatically driven system is characterized by a negative temperature with a population inversion. We numerically demonstrate the converted interaction in an ac-driven Hubbard model with the nonequilibrium dynamical mean-field theory solved by the continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo method. Based on this, we propose an efficient ramp-up protocol for ac fields that can suppress heating, which leads to an effectively attractive Hubbard model with a temperature below the superconducting transition temperature of the equilibrium system.
The excited state dynamics of correlated electron and electron-phonon systems triggered by an oscillating electric-field pulse of large amplitude are theoretically investigated. A "negative-temperature" state and inversion of electron-electron and electron-phonon interactions are induced even by a symmetric monocycle pulse. This fact is numerically demonstrated, using the exact diagonalization method, in a band-insulator phase of one-dimensional three-quarter-filled strongly dimerized extended Peierls-Hubbard and Holstein models. When the total-energy increment is maximized as a function of the electric field amplitude, the occupancy of the bonding and antibonding orbitals is inverted to produce a negative-temperature state. Around this state, the dependences of time-averaged electron-electron and electron-phonon correlation functions on interaction parameters are opposite to those in the ground state.
We investigate the possibility to control dynamically the interactions between repulsively bound pairs of fermions (doublons) in correlated systems with off-resonant ac fields. We introduce an effective Hamiltonian that describes the physics of doublons up to second order in the high-frequency limit. It unveils that the doublon interaction, which is attractive in equilibrium, can be completely suppressed and then switched to repulsive by varying the power of the ac field. We show that the signature of the dynamical repulsion between doublons can be found in the single-fermion density of states averaged in time. Our results are further supported by nonequilibrium dynamical mean-field theory simulations for the half-filled Fermi-Hubbard model.
We study how strongly correlated electrons on a dissipative lattice evolve out of equilibrium under a constant electric field, focusing on the extent of the linear regime and hysteretic nonlinear effects at higher fields. We access the nonequilibrium steady states, nonperturbatively in both the field and the electronic interactions, by means of a nonequilibrium dynamical mean-field theory in the Coulomb gauge. The linear response regime, limited by Joule heating, breaks down at fields much smaller than the quasiparticle energy scale. For large electronic interactions, strong but experimentally accessible electric fields can induce a resistive switching by driving the strongly correlated metal into a Mott insulator. We predict a nonmonotonic upper switching field due to an interplay of particle renormalization and the field-driven temperature. Hysteretic I-V curves suggest that the nonequilibrium current is carried through a spatially inhomogeneous metal-insulator mixed state.