Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:1110.2032 · Journal of Statistical Mechanics Theory and Experiment

Correlation functions and the boundary qKZ equation in a fractured XXZ chain

Robert Weston

Published Dec 7, 2011• 14 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We consider correlation functions of the form , where |vac⟩ is the vacuum eigenstate of an infinite antiferromagnetic XXZ chain, |vac⟩′ is the vacuum eigenstate of an infinite XXZ chain which is split in two, and is a local operator. The Hamiltonian of the split chain has no coupling between sites 1 and 0 and has a staggered magnetic field at these two sites; it arises from a tensor product of left and right boundary transfer matrices. We find a simple, exact expression for ⟨vac|vac⟩′ and an exact integral expression for general using the vertex operator approach. We compute the integral when and find a conjectural expression that is analogous to the known formula for the XXZ spontaneous magnetization and reduces to it when the magnetic field is zero. We show that correlation functions obey a boundary qKZ equation of a different level to the infinite XXZ chain with one boundary.

DOI
10.1088/1742-5468/2011/12/p12002

Related papers

XXZ chain with a boundary

Michio Jimbo, Rinat Kedem, Takeo Kojima +2 more

The \\XXZ spin chain with a boundary magnetic field h is considered, using the vertex operator approach to diagonalize the Hamiltonian. We find explicit bosonic formulas for the two vacuum vectors with zero particle content. There are three distinct regions when h\\geq0, in which the structure of the vacuum states is different. Excited states are given by the action of vertex operators on the vacuum states. We derive the boundary S-matrix and present an integral formula for the correlation functions. The boundary magnetization exhibits boundary hysteresis. We also discuss the rational limit, the \\XXX model.

•Nov 17, 1994•93 citations

Correlation functions for open XXZ spin 1/2 quantum chains with unparallel boundary magnetic fields

Giuliano Niccoli, V. Terras

Abstract In this paper we continue our derivation of the correlation functions of open quantum spin 1/2 chains with unparallel magnetic fields on the edges; this time for the more involved case of the XXZ spin 1/2 chains. We develop our study in the framework of the quantum separation of variables, which gives us both the complete spectrum characterization and simple scalar product formulae for separate states, including transfer matrix eigenstates. Here, we leave the boundary magnetic field in the first site of the chain completely arbitrary, and we fix the boundary field in the last site N of the chain to be a specific value along the z -direction. This is a natural first choice for the unparallel boundary magnetic fields. We prove that under these special boundary conditions, on the one side, we have a simple enough complete spectrum description in terms of homogeneous Baxter like TQ -equation. On the other side, we prove a simple enough description of the action of a basis of local operators on transfer matrix eigenstates as linear combinations of separate states. Thanks to these results, we achieve our main goal to derive correlation functions for a set of local operators both for the finite and half-infinite chains, with multiple integral formulae in this last case.

arXiv:2202.12870•Journal of Physics A Mathematical and Theoretical•Jun 28, 2022•10 citations

Spontaneous Magnetization in the Finite XXZ Spin Chain with Boundaries

Fujii, Yasuhiro, Miki Wadati

The finite XXZ spin chain with boundaries is studied. We derive the transfer matrix from the q-difference equation discovered by Cherednik and construct its eigenstates by the vertex operator approach. We point out that the eigenstates with no magnetic fields have a symmetry called the turning symmetry. Making use of this symmetry we calculate the spontaneous magnetization in the thermodynamic limit, which is roughly twice as large as that in the half-infinite XXZ spin chain.

arXiv:hep-th/9807201•Jul 28, 1998•1 citation

On correlation functions of the open XYZ spin 1/2 chain with boundary fields related by a constraint

Giuliano Niccoli, V. Terras

In this paper, we consider the quantum XYZ open spin-1/2 chain with boundary fields. We focus on the particular case in which the six boundary parameters are related by a single constraint enabling us to describe part of the spectrum by standard Bethe equations. We derive for this model exact representations for a set of elementary blocks of correlation functions, hence generalising to XYZ the results obtained in the XXZ open case in [1]. Our approach is also similar to the approach proposed in the XXZ case [1] : we solve the model by Sklyanin’s version of the quantum Separation of Variables, using Baxter’s Vertex-IRF transformation; in this framework, we identify a basis of local operators with a relatively simple action on the transfer matrix eigenstates; we then use the solution of the quantum inverse problem and our recent formulae on scalar products of separate states [2] to compute some of the corresponding matrix elements, which can therefore be considered as elementary building blocks for the correlation functions. The latter are expressed in terms of multiple sums in the finite chain, and as multiple integrals in the thermodynamic limit. Our results evidence that, once the basis of local operators is properly chosen, the corresponding building blocks for correlation functions have a similar structure in the XXX/XXZ/XYZ open chains, and do not require any insertion of non-local ”tail operators”.

arXiv:2507.20299•Nuclear Physics B•Sep 2, 2026•1 citation

Spontaneous Magnetization in the Bounded XXZ Spin Chain

Yasuhiro Fujii, Miki Wadati

The bounded XXZ spin chain is studied. The operator appeared in the q -difference equation discovered by Cherednik is modified into the transfer matrix of the model. Its eigenstate is composed by the vertex operators of the quantum affine algebra. By use of a geometric symmetry called the “turning symmetry” that the spin chain without boundary magnetic fields satisfies, the asymptotic form of the eigenstate is found and the spontaneous magnetization at a boundary is calculated. It is roughly twice as large as that in the half-infinite XXZ spin chain.

Journal of the Physical Society of Japan•Apr 15, 1999•2 citations

On correlation functions for the open XXZ chain with non-longitudinal boundary fields: The case with a constraint

Giuliano Niccoli, V. Terras

This paper is a continuation of [J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 55, 405203 (2022)], in which a set of matrix elements of local operators was computed for the XXZ spin-1/2 open chain with a particular case of unparallel boundary fields. Here, we extend these results to the more general case in which both fields are non-longitudinal and related by one constraint, allowing for a partial description of the spectrum by usual Bethe equations. More precisely, the complete spectrum and eigenstates can be characterized within the Separation of Variables (SoV) framework. One uses here the fact that, under the constraint, a part of this SoV spectrum can be described via solutions of a usual, homogeneous, TQ-equation, with corresponding transfer matrix eigenstates coinciding with generalized Bethe states. We explain how to generically compute the action of a basis of local operators on such kind of states, and this under the most general boundary condition on the last site of the chain. As a result, we can compute the matrix elements of some of these basis elements in any eigenstate described by the homogenous TQ-equation. Assuming, following a conjecture of Nepomechie and Ravanini, that the ground state itself can be described in this framework, we obtain multiple integral representations for these matrix elements in the half-infinite chain limit, generalizing those previously obtained in the case of longitudinal boundary fields and in the case of the special boundary conditions considered in [J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 55, 405203 (2022)].

arXiv:2208.10097•SciPost Physics•Apr 9, 2024•2 citations
We consider correlation functions of the form , where |vac⟩ is the vacuum eigenstate of an infinite antiferromagnetic XXZ chain, |vac⟩′ is the vacuum eigenstate of an infinite XXZ chain which is split in two, and is a local operator. The Hamiltonian of the split chain has no coupling between sites 1 and 0 and has a staggered magnetic field at these two sites; it arises from a tensor product of left and right boundary transfer matrices. We find a simple, exact expression for ⟨vac|vac⟩′ and an exact integral expression for general using the vertex operator approach. We compute the integral when and find a conjectural expression that is analogous to the known formula for the XXZ spontaneous magnetization and reduces to it when the magnetic field is zero. We show that correlation functions obey a boundary qKZ equation of a different level to the infinite XXZ chain with one boundary.
The \\XXZ spin chain with a boundary magnetic field h is considered, using the vertex operator approach to diagonalize the Hamiltonian. We find explicit bosonic formulas for the two vacuum vectors with zero particle content. There are three distinct regions when h\\geq0, in which the structure of the vacuum states is different. Excited states are given by the action of vertex operators on the vacuum states. We derive the boundary S-matrix and present an integral formula for the correlation functions. The boundary magnetization exhibits boundary hysteresis. We also discuss the rational limit, the \\XXX model.
Abstract In this paper we continue our derivation of the correlation functions of open quantum spin 1/2 chains with unparallel magnetic fields on the edges; this time for the more involved case of the XXZ spin 1/2 chains. We develop our study in the framework of the quantum separation of variables, which gives us both the complete spectrum characterization and simple scalar product formulae for separate states, including transfer matrix eigenstates. Here, we leave the boundary magnetic field in the first site of the chain completely arbitrary, and we fix the boundary field in the last site N of the chain to be a specific value along the z -direction. This is a natural first choice for the unparallel boundary magnetic fields. We prove that under these special boundary conditions, on the one side, we have a simple enough complete spectrum description in terms of homogeneous Baxter like TQ -equation. On the other side, we prove a simple enough description of the action of a basis of local operators on transfer matrix eigenstates as linear combinations of separate states. Thanks to these results, we achieve our main goal to derive correlation functions for a set of local operators both for the finite and half-infinite chains, with multiple integral formulae in this last case.
In this paper, we consider the quantum XYZ open spin-1/2 chain with boundary fields. We focus on the particular case in which the six boundary parameters are related by a single constraint enabling us to describe part of the spectrum by standard Bethe equations. We derive for this model exact representations for a set of elementary blocks of correlation functions, hence generalising to XYZ the results obtained in the XXZ open case in [1]. Our approach is also similar to the approach proposed in the XXZ case [1] : we solve the model by Sklyanin’s version of the quantum Separation of Variables, using Baxter’s Vertex-IRF transformation; in this framework, we identify a basis of local operators with a relatively simple action on the transfer matrix eigenstates; we then use the solution of the quantum inverse problem and our recent formulae on scalar products of separate states [2] to compute some of the corresponding matrix elements, which can therefore be considered as elementary building blocks for the correlation functions. The latter are expressed in terms of multiple sums in the finite chain, and as multiple integrals in the thermodynamic limit. Our results evidence that, once the basis of local operators is properly chosen, the corresponding building blocks for correlation functions have a similar structure in the XXX/XXZ/XYZ open chains, and do not require any insertion of non-local ”tail operators”.
The bounded XXZ spin chain is studied. The operator appeared in the q -difference equation discovered by Cherednik is modified into the transfer matrix of the model. Its eigenstate is composed by the vertex operators of the quantum affine algebra. By use of a geometric symmetry called the “turning symmetry” that the spin chain without boundary magnetic fields satisfies, the asymptotic form of the eigenstate is found and the spontaneous magnetization at a boundary is calculated. It is roughly twice as large as that in the half-infinite XXZ spin chain.
This paper is a continuation of [J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 55, 405203 (2022)], in which a set of matrix elements of local operators was computed for the XXZ spin-1/2 open chain with a particular case of unparallel boundary fields. Here, we extend these results to the more general case in which both fields are non-longitudinal and related by one constraint, allowing for a partial description of the spectrum by usual Bethe equations. More precisely, the complete spectrum and eigenstates can be characterized within the Separation of Variables (SoV) framework. One uses here the fact that, under the constraint, a part of this SoV spectrum can be described via solutions of a usual, homogeneous, TQ-equation, with corresponding transfer matrix eigenstates coinciding with generalized Bethe states. We explain how to generically compute the action of a basis of local operators on such kind of states, and this under the most general boundary condition on the last site of the chain. As a result, we can compute the matrix elements of some of these basis elements in any eigenstate described by the homogenous TQ-equation. Assuming, following a conjecture of Nepomechie and Ravanini, that the ground state itself can be described in this framework, we obtain multiple integral representations for these matrix elements in the half-infinite chain limit, generalizing those previously obtained in the case of longitudinal boundary fields and in the case of the special boundary conditions considered in [J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 55, 405203 (2022)].