Limits to the universality of quantum mechanics

Thomas Krüger

The overwhelming majority of scientists still takes it for granted that classical mechanics (ClM) is nothing but a limiting case of quantum mechanics (QM). Although some physicists restrict this belief to a generalized QM as represented, e. g., by the algebra of observables, it will be shown in this contribution that the view of ClM as a mere sub-set of QM is nevertheless unfounded. The usual attempts to derive the laws of ClM from QM are either insufficient or not universally applicable. The transition from traditional to algebraic QM does not add any further insight. It is demonstrated that typical constituents of the classical macroscopic world i) cannot be described reasonably in terms of QM and/or ii) do not show up the typical quantum behavior which manifests in the double-slit interference and in the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen correlations. Moreover, both attempts to recover ClM from QM and approaches based on vacuum fluctuations are critically inspected, and we arrive at the conclusion: QM does not comprehend ClM, i. e., a wavefunction of the universe does not exist.

Gleb Wataghin

Sankalp Bagaria

Objectives: This review advocates absolute determinism in our universe and reinterprets Quantum mechanics while doing so. Then it discusses some of its consequences across fields. Method: This study starts by proposing the absolute postulate of the universe and derives absolute determinism using concepts from both the classical and quantum mechanics. Then it advocates that though the universe is deterministic, it is unpredictable. Statistical outcomes of a classical experiment and probabilistic outcomes of a quantum experiment are not due to the indeterministic nature of the experiment but due to theoretical limit of calculation/ practical limit of measurement. The study then proposes that the "free will is an illusion". As the paths of the particles are determined, the paths and interactions of neurons and neurotransmitters are determined and thus the thoughts and actions are determined. Thus, free will is an illusion. Then it focuses on some consequences like the outcome of a radioactivity experiment, resolution of Schrodinger’s Cat Paradox and that of EPR Paradox. The study also touches upon chaos theory, Big Bang theory and consciousness. Findings: Based on Bohmian Mechanics, Superdeterminism and Cellular Automata Interpretation, this study proposes a new interpretation of quantum mechanics. Using absolute determinism, it also argues that free will is an illusion and support it with Benjamin Libet’s experimental findings in neuroscience and fMRI scans done later. The study discusses deterministic but unpredictable identification of the particle that will disintegrate next among N particles collected in a block. It also attempts resolution of Schrodinger’s Cat Paradox and that of EPR Paradox. Towards the end, the study explores chaos theory, Big Bang theory and consciousness. Novelty: In the new deterministic interpretation of QM, a distinction is made between what is real in the universe and what is measurable or calculable. For example, it reiterates that a particle’s position and momentum are fixed even if they can’t be measured or calculated precisely and simultaneously (a re-interpretation of HUP). In other words, the study implies that the famous quote of Albert Einstein – “God Does Not Play Dice With The Universe” holds true in the realm of quantum mechanics also as it already does in classical mechanics. Keywords: Universe, Determinism, Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, Quantum Mechanics, Laplace Demon, Free Will, Benjamin Libet, Consciousness, Theory of Everything

Alexander H Klotz

Marcello Poletti

Anders Nils Gunnar Widgren

This document is part of the Informational Mechanics (IM) framework and is published in the IM-I (Reviews & Syntheses) series within the IM v0.3 corpus. The paper synthesizes recent IM work on universality and regime-limited validity to clarify the status of quantum mechanics under admissibility constraints. Rather than proposing modifications to quantum theory, it analyzes the conditions under which claims of global validity remain scientifically meaningful. Drawing on IM-C003 (regime-limited universality), IM-E001 (operator criteria for universality), and IM-D005 (structural non-derivability across regime transitions), the document shows how quantum-mechanical unitarity and state evolution must be understood as regime-bound statements whose validity depends on operator-defined implementability and cross-regime comparability. The paper introduces no new axioms, models, or empirical results. Its purpose is clarificatory and integrative: to provide a coherent account of how quantum mechanics retains full validity within admissible regimes while avoiding unwarranted global extrapolation beyond operator-defined structure.