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arXiv:1109.4782 · Physical Review Letters

Dipolar Molecules in Optical Lattices

Tomasz Sowiński, Omjyoti Dutta, Philipp Hauke, Luca Tagliacozzo, Maciej Lewenstein

Published Mar 13, 2012• 101 citations
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Abstract

We study the extended Bose-Hubbard model describing an ultracold gas of dipolar molecules in an optical lattice, taking into account all on-site and nearest-neighbor interactions, including occupation-dependent tunneling and pair tunneling terms. Using exact diagonalization and the multiscale entanglement renormalization ansatz, we show that these terms can destroy insulating phases and lead to novel quantum phases. These considerable changes of the phase diagram have to be taken into account in upcoming experiments with dipolar molecules.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.108.115301

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We study the extended Bose-Hubbard model describing an ultracold gas of dipolar molecules in an optical lattice, taking into account all on-site and nearest-neighbor interactions, including occupation-dependent tunneling and pair tunneling terms. Using exact diagonalization and the multiscale entanglement renormalization ansatz, we show that these terms can destroy insulating phases and lead to novel quantum phases. These considerable changes of the phase diagram have to be taken into account in upcoming experiments with dipolar molecules.
We study the extended Bose--Hubbard model describing an ultracold gas of dipolar molecules in an optical lattice, taking into account all on-site and nearest-neighbor interactions, including occupation-dependent tunneling and pair tunneling terms. Using exact diagonalization and the multiscale entanglement renormalization ansatz, we show that these terms can destroy insulating phases and lead to novel quantum phases. These considerable changes of the phase diagram have to be taken into account in upcoming experiments with dipolar molecules.
We study the phase diagram of the one-dimensional boson gas trapped inside an optical lattice with contact and dipolar interaction, taking into account next-nearest terms for both tunneling and interaction. Using the density-matrix renormalization group, we calculate how the locations of phase transitions change with increasing dipolar interaction strength for average density $\ensuremath{\rho}=1$. Furthermore, we show the emergence of pair-correlated phases for a large dipolar interaction strength and $\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\ge}2$, including a supersolid phase with an incommensurate density wave ordering manifesting the corresponding spontaneous breaking of the translational symmetry.
Recently, it has become apparent that when the interactions between polar molecules in optical lattices become strong, the conventional description using the extended Hubbard model has to be modified by additional terms, in particular a density-dependent tunneling term. We investigate here the influence of this term on the ground-state phase diagrams of the two-dimensional extended Bose–Hubbard model. Using quantum Monte Carlo simulations, we investigate the changes of the superfluid, supersolid and phase-separated parameter regions in the phase diagram of the system. By studying the interplay of the density-dependent hopping with the usual on-site interaction U and nearest-neighbor repulsion V , we show that the ground-state phase diagrams differ significantly from those expected from the standard extended Bose–Hubbard model.
In this paper the extended Bose–Hubbard model describing ultracold atoms confined in a shallow, one-dimensional optical lattice is introduced and studied by the exact diagonalization approach. All parameters of the model are related to the only relevant parameter controlled experimentally—the depth of the optical potential. Changes in the shape of the insulating lobe in the phase diagram of the system are explored and the value of the critical tunneling for which the system undergoes the phase transition (from the insulating to the superfluid phase) is predicted. It is shown that the value of the critical tunneling is substantially affected by the presence of the tunnelings to distant sites of the optical lattice. The results may have some importance in upcoming experiments on quantum quench through phase transition points.
We theoretically analyze the phase diagram of a quantum gas of bosons that interact via repulsive dipolar interactions. The bosons are tightly confined by an optical lattice in a quasi-one-dimensional geometry. In the single-band approximation, their dynamics is described by an extended Bose-Hubbard model where the relevant contributions of the dipolar interactions consist of density-density repulsion and correlated tunneling terms. We evaluate the phase diagram for unit density using numerical techniques based on the density-matrix renormalization group algorithm. Our results predict that correlated tunneling can significantly modify the parameter range of the topological insulator phase. At vanishing values of the onsite interactions, moreover, correlated tunneling promotes the onset of a phase with a large number of low-energy metastable configurations.
The Hubbard model underlies our understanding of strongly correlated materials. Whereas its standard form only comprises interactions between particles at the same lattice site, extending it to encompass long-range interactions is predicted to profoundly alter the quantum behavior of the system. We realize the extended Bose-Hubbard model for an ultracold gas of strongly magnetic erbium atoms in a three-dimensional optical lattice. Controlling the orientation of the atomic dipoles, we reveal the anisotropic character of the onsite interaction and hopping dynamics and their influence on the superfluid-to-Mott insulator quantum phase transition. Moreover, we observe nearest-neighbor interactions, a genuine consequence of the long-range nature of dipolar interactions. Our results lay the groundwork for future studies of exotic many-body quantum phases.