Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:1109.3801 · Physical Review B

Excitation energy after a smooth quench in a Luttinger liquid

Jacek Dziarmaga, Marek Tylutki

Published Dec 20, 2011• 16 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Low-energy physics of quasi-one-dimensional ultracold atomic gases is often described by a gapless Luttinger liquid (LL). It is nowadays routine to manipulate these systems by changing their parameters in time but, no matter how slow the manipulation is, it must excite a gapless system. We study a smooth change of parameters of the LL (a smooth ``quench'') with a variable quench time and find that the excitation energy decays with an inverse power of the quench time. This universal exponent is $\ensuremath{-}2$ at zero temperature and $\ensuremath{-}1$ for slow enough quenches at finite temperature. The smooth quench does not excite beyond the range of validity of the low-energy LL description.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.84.214522

Related papers

Quench dynamics of the Tomonaga-Luttinger model with momentum-dependent interaction

Rentrop, J., Dirk Schuricht, V. Meden

We study the relaxation dynamics of the one-dimensional Tomonaga–Luttinger model after an interaction quench, paying particular attention to the momentum dependence of the two-particle interaction. Several potentials of different analytical forms are investigated that all lead to universal Luttinger liquid (LL) physics in equilibrium. The steady-state fermionic momentum distribution shows universal behavior in the sense of the LL phenomenology. For generic regular potentials, the large time decay of the momentum distribution function toward the steady-state value is characterized by a power law with a universal exponent that depends only on the potential at zero momentum transfer. The commonly employed ad hoc procedure fails to give this exponent. In addition to quenches from zero to positive interactions, we also consider the abrupt changes in the interaction between two arbitrary values. Additionally, we discuss the appearance of a factor of two between the steady-state momentum distribution function and that obtained in equilibrium at equal two-particle interaction.

•Jan 1, 2012•51 citations

Quench dynamics of the Tomonaga–Luttinger model with momentum-dependent interaction

J Rentrop, Dirk Schuricht, V. Meden

We study the relaxation dynamics of the one-dimensional Tomonaga–Luttinger model after an interaction quench, paying particular attention to the momentum dependence of the two-particle interaction. Several potentials of different analytical forms are investigated that all lead to universal Luttinger liquid (LL) physics in equilibrium. The steady-state fermionic momentum distribution shows universal behavior in the sense of the LL phenomenology. For generic regular potentials, the large time decay of the momentum distribution function toward the steady-state value is characterized by a power law with a universal exponent that depends only on the potential at zero momentum transfer. The commonly employed ad hoc procedure fails to give this exponent. In addition to quenches from zero to positive interactions, we also consider the abrupt changes in the interaction between two arbitrary values. Additionally, we discuss the appearance of a factor of two between the steady-state momentum distribution function and that obtained in equilibrium at equal two-particle interaction.

arXiv:1203.0932•New Journal of Physics•Jul 3, 2012•46 citations

Universal transport dynamics in a quenched tunnel-coupled Luttinger liquid

Filippo Maria Gambetta, Fabio Cavaliere, R. Citro +1 more

The transport dynamics of a quenched Luttinger liquid tunnel-coupled to a fermionic reservoir is investigated. In the transient dynamics, we show that for a sudden quench of the electron interaction universal power-law decay in time of the tunneling current occurs, ascribed to the presence of entangled compound excitations created by the quench. In sharp contrast to the usual nonuniversal power-law behavior of a zero-temperature nonquenched Luttinger liquid, the steady-state tunneling current is Ohmic and can be explained in terms of an effective quench-activated heating of the system. Our study unveils an unconventional dynamics for a quenched Luttinger liquid that could be identified in quenched cold Fermi gases.

arXiv:1606.08176•Physical review. B./Physical review. B•Jul 5, 2016•7 citations

Quantum quenches in Luttinger liquids

D. Loupas

It is common in physics to treat 1D system as a toy model in order to test a physical theory because it is easier to work with low dimensional systems and find analytical solutions. One naively will say that one-dimensional models serve as toy models and they do not apply in the real world. But, one-dimensional systems, e.g quantum wires, exists in nature and have quite different physics from higher dimensional systems. It is remarkable that, in 1D, an interacting fermionic problem can be turned to a free bosonic theory. An interesting question to ask is how the system evolves after a change in the systems internal parameters. This is called a quantum quench. In this thesis we investigate quantum quenches in the Luttinger liquid model, which is a 1D model and serves as the analog of the Fermi liquid theory in one dimension. More specifically, we study the kinetic energy, when we periodically drive the internal parameters of the system, and the two point correlation function, after a periodic quench of finite duration.

•Jan 1, 2012•0 citations

Quench-induced entanglement and relaxation dynamics in Luttinger liquids

Alessio Calzona, Filippo Maria Gambetta, Fabio Cavaliere +2 more

We investigate the time evolution towards the asymptotic steady state of a one-dimensional interacting system after a quantum quench. We show that at finite times the latter induces entanglement between right- and left-moving density excitations, encoded in their cross-correlators, which vanishes in the long-time limit. This behavior results in a universal time decay $\ensuremath{\propto}{t}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ of the system spectral properties, in addition to nonuniversal power-law contributions typical of Luttinger liquids. Importantly, we argue that the presence of quench-induced entanglement clearly emerges in transport properties, such as charge and energy currents injected in the system from a biased probe and determines their long-time dynamics. In particular, the energy fractionalization phenomenon turns out to be a promising platform to observe the universal power-law decay $\ensuremath{\propto}{t}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ induced by entanglement and represents a novel way to study the corresponding relaxation mechanism.

arXiv:1706.01676•Physical review. B./Physical review. B•Aug 16, 2017•20 citations

Crossover from Adiabatic to Sudden Interaction Quench in a Luttinger Liquid

Balázs Dóra, Masudul Haque, Gergely Zaránd

Motivated by recent experiments on interacting cold atoms, we analyze interaction quenches in Luttinger liquids (LLs), where the interaction is ramped from zero to a finite value within a finite time. The fermionic single particle density matrix reveals several regions of spatial and temporal coordinates relative to the quench time, termed as Fermi liquid, sudden quench LL, adiabatic LL regime, and a LL regime with a time-dependent exponent. The various regimes can also be observed in the momentum distribution of the fermions, directly accessible through time of flight experiments. Most of our results apply to arbitrary quench protocols.

arXiv:1011.6655•Physical Review Letters•Apr 14, 2011•68 citations
Low-energy physics of quasi-one-dimensional ultracold atomic gases is often described by a gapless Luttinger liquid (LL). It is nowadays routine to manipulate these systems by changing their parameters in time but, no matter how slow the manipulation is, it must excite a gapless system. We study a smooth change of parameters of the LL (a smooth ``quench'') with a variable quench time and find that the excitation energy decays with an inverse power of the quench time. This universal exponent is \ensuremath−2\ensuremath{-}2\ensuremath−2 at zero temperature and \ensuremath−1\ensuremath{-}1\ensuremath−1 for slow enough quenches at finite temperature. The smooth quench does not excite beyond the range of validity of the low-energy LL description.
We study the relaxation dynamics of the one-dimensional Tomonaga–Luttinger model after an interaction quench, paying particular attention to the momentum dependence of the two-particle interaction. Several potentials of different analytical forms are investigated that all lead to universal Luttinger liquid (LL) physics in equilibrium. The steady-state fermionic momentum distribution shows universal behavior in the sense of the LL phenomenology. For generic regular potentials, the large time decay of the momentum distribution function toward the steady-state value is characterized by a power law with a universal exponent that depends only on the potential at zero momentum transfer. The commonly employed ad hoc procedure fails to give this exponent. In addition to quenches from zero to positive interactions, we also consider the abrupt changes in the interaction between two arbitrary values. Additionally, we discuss the appearance of a factor of two between the steady-state momentum distribution function and that obtained in equilibrium at equal two-particle interaction.
We study the relaxation dynamics of the one-dimensional Tomonaga–Luttinger model after an interaction quench, paying particular attention to the momentum dependence of the two-particle interaction. Several potentials of different analytical forms are investigated that all lead to universal Luttinger liquid (LL) physics in equilibrium. The steady-state fermionic momentum distribution shows universal behavior in the sense of the LL phenomenology. For generic regular potentials, the large time decay of the momentum distribution function toward the steady-state value is characterized by a power law with a universal exponent that depends only on the potential at zero momentum transfer. The commonly employed ad hoc procedure fails to give this exponent. In addition to quenches from zero to positive interactions, we also consider the abrupt changes in the interaction between two arbitrary values. Additionally, we discuss the appearance of a factor of two between the steady-state momentum distribution function and that obtained in equilibrium at equal two-particle interaction.
The transport dynamics of a quenched Luttinger liquid tunnel-coupled to a fermionic reservoir is investigated. In the transient dynamics, we show that for a sudden quench of the electron interaction universal power-law decay in time of the tunneling current occurs, ascribed to the presence of entangled compound excitations created by the quench. In sharp contrast to the usual nonuniversal power-law behavior of a zero-temperature nonquenched Luttinger liquid, the steady-state tunneling current is Ohmic and can be explained in terms of an effective quench-activated heating of the system. Our study unveils an unconventional dynamics for a quenched Luttinger liquid that could be identified in quenched cold Fermi gases.
It is common in physics to treat 1D system as a toy model in order to test a physical theory because it is easier to work with low dimensional systems and find analytical solutions. One naively will say that one-dimensional models serve as toy models and they do not apply in the real world. But, one-dimensional systems, e.g quantum wires, exists in nature and have quite different physics from higher dimensional systems. It is remarkable that, in 1D, an interacting fermionic problem can be turned to a free bosonic theory. An interesting question to ask is how the system evolves after a change in the systems internal parameters. This is called a quantum quench. In this thesis we investigate quantum quenches in the Luttinger liquid model, which is a 1D model and serves as the analog of the Fermi liquid theory in one dimension. More specifically, we study the kinetic energy, when we periodically drive the internal parameters of the system, and the two point correlation function, after a periodic quench of finite duration.
We investigate the time evolution towards the asymptotic steady state of a one-dimensional interacting system after a quantum quench. We show that at finite times the latter induces entanglement between right- and left-moving density excitations, encoded in their cross-correlators, which vanishes in the long-time limit. This behavior results in a universal time decay $\ensuremath{\propto}{t}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ of the system spectral properties, in addition to nonuniversal power-law contributions typical of Luttinger liquids. Importantly, we argue that the presence of quench-induced entanglement clearly emerges in transport properties, such as charge and energy currents injected in the system from a biased probe and determines their long-time dynamics. In particular, the energy fractionalization phenomenon turns out to be a promising platform to observe the universal power-law decay $\ensuremath{\propto}{t}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ induced by entanglement and represents a novel way to study the corresponding relaxation mechanism.
Motivated by recent experiments on interacting cold atoms, we analyze interaction quenches in Luttinger liquids (LLs), where the interaction is ramped from zero to a finite value within a finite time. The fermionic single particle density matrix reveals several regions of spatial and temporal coordinates relative to the quench time, termed as Fermi liquid, sudden quench LL, adiabatic LL regime, and a LL regime with a time-dependent exponent. The various regimes can also be observed in the momentum distribution of the fermions, directly accessible through time of flight experiments. Most of our results apply to arbitrary quench protocols.