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arXiv:1109.0908 · IEEE International Conference on Communications workshops

Increasing Physical Layer Security through Scrambled Codes and ARQ

Marco Baldi, Marco Bianchi, Franco Chiaraluce

Published Jun 1, 2011• 17 citations
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Abstract

We elaborate on the proposal of non-systematic channel codes on the AWGN wire-tap channel. Such coding technique, based on scrambling, achieves secure transmission with a small security gap between the authorized receiver (Bob) and the unauthorized one (Eve). In this paper, we show that, by implementing scrambling and descrambling on blocks of concatenated frames, rather than on single frames, the security gap between Bob and Eve can be further reduced. The usage of concatenated scrambling also allows to achieve security when Bob and Eve experience the same channel quality. In this case, the introduction of an ARQ protocol with authentication is needed.

DOI
10.1109/iccw.2011.5963540

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We elaborate on the proposal of non-systematic channel codes on the AWGN wire-tap channel. Such coding technique, based on scrambling, achieves secure transmission with a small security gap between the authorized receiver (Bob) and the unauthorized one (Eve). In this paper, we show that, by implementing scrambling and descrambling on blocks of concatenated frames, rather than on single frames, the security gap between Bob and Eve can be further reduced. The usage of concatenated scrambling also allows to achieve security when Bob and Eve experience the same channel quality. In this case, the introduction of an ARQ protocol with authentication is needed.
We develop the proposal of non-systematic channel codes on the AWGN wire-tap channel. Such coding technique, based on scrambling, achieves high transmission security with a small degradation of the eavesdropper's channel with respect to the legitimate receiver's channel. In this paper, we show that, by implementing scrambling and descrambling on blocks of concatenated frames, rather than on single frames, the channel degradation needed is further reduced. The usage of concatenated scrambling allows to achieve security also when both receivers experience the same channel quality. However, in this case, the introduction of an ARQ protocol with authentication is needed.
This paper examines the use of nonsystematic channel codes to obtain secure transmissions over the additive white Gaussian noise wire-tap channel. Unlike the previous approaches, we propose to implement nonsystematic coded transmission by scrambling the information bits, and characterize the bit error rate of scrambled transmissions through theoretical arguments and numerical simulations. We have focused on some examples of Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem and low-density parity-check codes to estimate the security gap, which we have used as a measure of physical layer security, in addition to the bit error rate. Based on a number of numerical examples, we found that such a transmission technique can outperform alternative solutions. In fact, when an eavesdropper (Eve) has a worse channel than the authorized user (Bob), the security gap required to reach a given level of security is very small. The amount of degradation of Eve's channel with respect to Bob's that is needed to achieve sufficient security can be further reduced by implementing scrambling and descrambling operations on blocks of frames, rather than on single frames. While Eve's channel has a quality equal to or better than that of Bob's channel, we have shown that the use of a hybrid automatic repeat-request protocol with authentication still allows achieving a sufficient level of security. Finally, the secrecy performance of some practical schemes has also been measured in terms of the equivocation rate about the message at the eavesdropper and compared with that of ideal codes.
This paper is a first study on the usage of non-systematic codes based on scrambling matrices for physical layer security. The chance of implementing transmission security at the physical layer is known since many years, but it is now gaining an increasing interest due to its several possible applications. It has been shown that channel coding techniques can be effectively exploited for designing physical layer security schemes, in such a way that an unauthorized receiver, experiencing a channel different from that of the authorized receiver, is not able to gather any information. Recently, it has been proposed to exploit puncturing techniques in order to reduce the security gap between the authorized and unauthorized channels. In this paper, we show that the security gap can be further reduced by using non-systematic codes, able to scramble information bits within the transmitted codeword.
Using the error rate as a metric is useful for assessing the performance of actual transmission schemes from the physical layer security viewpoint. The security gap concept has been used over the additive white Gaussian noise channel as a practical measure for combined reliability and security. In this paper, the definition of security gap is extended to a wire-tap channel with fast fading. Our aim is to show that by introducing scrambling and error correction coding can significantly reduce the required quality difference between the channel of the authorized user and that of the unauthorized one.
A dramatic increase in the number of devices that are connected to the wireless networks has seen many challenging issues.One of them is the security problem.Enhancement in physical layer security has shown promising results to improve these security issues in the existing wireless networks.This paper proposes a transmission technique based on scrambled Bose Chaudhuri Hocquenghem code with feedback to improve the physical layer security in wireless communication system.The security of the transmission system over a wiretap channel is investigated.Scrambling matrix is applied to the code word and a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) protocol is used.In this paper, the security gap is used as a performance metric to measure the difference between the authorized and unauthorized channel.We find that the proposed technique results in smaller security gap compared to the conventional techniques.
We propose a systematic concatenated coding scheme based on the combination of interleaving with powerful channel codes and jamming for wireless secrecy under the practical assumption of codes in the finite blocklength regime. The basic idea lies in generating a short random key that is used to shuffle/interleave information at the source, Alice. This key is then sent to the legitimate receiver, Bob, during a brief period of advantageous communication over the eavesdropper Eve (e.g., due to more interference from a jammer). Finally, the key is decoded at Bob to properly deinterleave the original information. Bob receives a better quality version of the interleaving key, therefore having the needed advantage over Eve. Information reliability is provided by a strong inner code, while security against Eve results from the proper selection of the outer code and interference levels over the key. We propose a methodology for selection of the outer code with reliability and security constraints. For that, we introduce bit error complementary cumulative distribution function metrics, suitable for security and reliability analysis of error correcting codes.