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arXiv:1108.1827 · Physical Review Letters

Magnetically Tunable Feshbach Resonances in Ultracold Li-Yb Mixtures

Daniel A. Brue, Jeremy M. Hutson

Published Jan 25, 2012• 80 citations
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Abstract

We investigate the possibility of forming Li+Yb ultracold molecules by magnetoassociation in mixtures of ultracold atoms. We find that magnetically tunable Feshbach resonances exist, but are extremely narrow for even-mass ytterbium isotopes, which all have zero spin. For odd-mass Yb isotopes, however, there is a new mechanism due to hyperfine coupling between the electron spin and the Yb nuclear magnetic moment. This mechanism produces Feshbach resonances for fermionic Yb isotopes that can be more than 2 orders of magnitude larger than for the bosonic counterparts.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.108.043201

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We investigate the possibility of forming Li+Yb ultracold molecules by magnetoassociation in mixtures of ultracold atoms. We find that magnetically tunable Feshbach resonances exist, but are extremely narrow for even-mass ytterbium isotopes, which all have zero spin. For odd-mass Yb isotopes, however, there is a new mechanism due to hyperfine coupling between the electron spin and the Yb nuclear magnetic moment. This mechanism produces Feshbach resonances for fermionic Yb isotopes that can be more than 2 orders of magnitude larger than for the bosonic counterparts.
We investigate magnetically tunable Feshbach resonances in ultracold collisions between ground-state Yb and Cs atoms, using coupled-channel calculations based on an interaction potential recently determined from photoassociation spectroscopy. We predict resonance positions and widths for all stable isotopes of Yb, together with resonance decay parameters where appropriate. The resonance patterns are richer and more complicated for fermionic Yb than for spin-zero isotopes, because there are additional level splittings and couplings due to scalar and tensorial Yb hyperfine interactions. We examine collisions involving Cs atoms in a variety of hyperfine states and identify resonances that appear most promising for experimental observation and for magnetoassociation to form ultracold CsYb molecules.
We explore the feasibility of producing ultracold diatomic molecules with nonzero electric and magnetic dipole moments by magnetically associating two atoms, one with zero electron spin and one with nonzero spin. Feshbach resonances arise through the dependence of the hyperfine coupling on internuclear distance. We survey the Feshbach resonances in diatomic systems combining the nine stable alkali-metal isotopes with those of Yb, focusing on the illustrative examples of RbYb and CsYb. We show that the resonance widths may expressed as a product of physically comprehensible terms in the framework of Fermi's golden rule. The resonance widths depend strongly on the background scattering length, which may be adjusted by selecting the Yb isotope, and on the hyperfine coupling constant and the magnetic field. In favorable cases the resonances may be over 100 mG wide.
We have investigated magnetically tunable Feshbach resonances in ultracold collisions of Rb with Yb in its metastable 3P2{}^{3}{P}_{2}3P2​ and 3P0{}^{3}{P}_{0}3P0​ states, using coupled-channel scattering and bound-state calculations. For the 3P2{}^{3}{P}_{2}3P2​ state, we find sharp resonances when both atoms are in their lowest Zeeman sublevels. However, these resonances are decayed by inelastic processes that produce Yb atoms in 3P1{}^{3}{P}_{1}3P1​ and 3P0{}^{3}{P}_{0}3P0​ states. The molecules that might be produced by magnetoassociation at the 3P2{}^{3}{P}_{2}3P2​ thresholds can decay by similar pathways and would have lifetimes no more than a few microseconds. For the 3P0{}^{3}{P}_{0}3P0​ state, by contrast, there are resonances that are promising for magnetoassociation. There are resonances due to both rotating and nonrotating molecular states that are significantly stronger than the analogous resonances for Yb(1S\mathrm{Yb}{(}^{1}SYb(1S). The ones due to rotating states are denser in magnetic field; in contrast to Yb(1S\mathrm{Yb}{(}^{1}SYb(1S), they exist even for bosonic isotopes of Yb(3P0\mathrm{Yb}{(}^{3}{P}_{0}Yb(3P0​).
We theoretically evaluate the feasibility to form magnetically-tunable Feshbach molecules in collisions between fermionic 6 Li atoms and bosonic metastable 174 Yb( 3 P 2 ) atoms. In contrast to the well-studied alkali-metal atom collisions, collisions with meta-stable atoms are highly anisotropic. Our first-principle coupled-channel calculation of these collisions reveals the existence of broad Feshbach resonances due to the combined effect of anisotropic-molecular and atomic–hyperfine interactions. In order to fit our predictions to the specific positions of experimentally-observed broad resonance structures (Dowd et al 2014) we optimized the shape of the short-range potentials by direct least-square fitting. This allowed us to identify the dominant resonance by its leading angular momentum quantum numbers and describe the role of collisional anisotropy in the creation and broadening of this and other resonances.
We report on the observation of magnetic Feshbach resonances in a Fermi-Fermi mixture of ultracold atoms with extreme mass imbalance and on their unique p-wave dominated three-body recombination processes.Our system consists of open-shell alkali-metal 6 Li and closed-shell 173 Yb atoms, both spin polarized and held at various temperatures between 1 and 20 μK.We confirm that Feshbach resonances in this system are solely the result of a weak separation-dependent hyperfine coupling between the electronic spin of 6 Li and the nuclear spin of 173 Yb.Our analysis also shows that three-body recombination rates are controlled by the identical fermion nature of the mixture, even in the presence of s-wave collisions between the two species and with recombination rate coefficients outside the Wigner threshold regime at our lowest temperature.Specifically, a comparison of experimental and theoretical line shapes of the recombination process indicates that the characteristic asymmetric line shape as a function of applied magnetic field and a maximum recombination rate coefficient that is independent of temperature can only be explained by triatomic collisions with nonzero, p-wave total orbital angular momentum.The resonances can be used to form ultracold doublet ground-state molecules and to simulate quantum superfluidity in mass-imbalanced mixtures.
We have investigated magnetically tunable Feshbach resonances arising from the interaction of Li(2S{}^{2}S2S) with metastable Yb(3P2{}^{3}{P}_{2}3P2​) and (3P0{}^{3}{P}_{0}3P0​). For Yb(3P2{}^{3}{P}_{2}3P2​), all the resonance features are strongly suppressed by inelastic collisions that produce Yb in its lower-lying 3P1{}^{3}{P}_{1}3P1​ and 3P0{}^{3}{P}_{0}3P0​ states. For Yb(3P0{}^{3}{P}_{0}3P0​), sharp resonances exist but they are extremely narrow (widths less than 1 mG).