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arXiv:1108.1379 · Physical Review A

Cold-collision-shift cancellation and inelastic scattering in a Yb optical lattice clock

Andrew D. Ludlow, N. Lemke, Jeff A. Sherman, Chris W. Oates, Goulven Quéméner, J. von Stecher, Ana María Rey

Published Nov 28, 2011• 51 citations
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Abstract

Recently, $p$-wave cold collisions were shown to dominate the density-dependent shift of the clock transition frequency in a ${}^{171}$Yb optical lattice clock. Here we demonstrate that by operating such a system at the proper excitation fraction, the cold-collision shift is canceled below the $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}18}$ fractional frequency level. We report inelastic two-body loss rates for ${}^{3}\phantom{\rule{-0.16em}{0ex}}{P}_{0}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}$-${}^{3}\phantom{\rule{-0.16em}{0ex}}{P}_{0}$ and ${}^{1}\phantom{\rule{-0.16em}{0ex}}{S}_{0}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}$-${}^{3}\phantom{\rule{-0.16em}{0ex}}{P}_{0}$ scattering. We also measure interaction shifts in an unpolarized atomic sample. Collision measurements for this spin-1/2 ${}^{171}$Yb system are relevant for high-performance optical clocks as well as strongly interacting systems for quantum information and quantum simulation applications.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.84.052724

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We experimentally investigate an optical clock based on 171^{171}171Yb (I=1/2I=1/2I=1/2) atoms confined in an optical lattice. We have evaluated all known frequency shifts to the clock transition, including a density-dependent collision shift, with a fractional uncertainty of 3.4×10−163.4 \times 10^{-16}3.4×10−16, limited principally by uncertainty in the blackbody radiation Stark shift. We measured the absolute clock transition frequency relative to the NIST-F1 Cs fountain clock and find the frequency to be 518 295 836 590 865.2(0.7) Hz.
We experimentally investigate an optical clock based on ;{171}Yb (I = 1/2) atoms confined in an optical lattice. We have evaluated all known frequency shifts to the clock transition, including a density-dependent collision shift, with a fractional uncertainty of 3.4 x 10;{-16}, limited principally by uncertainty in the blackbody radiation Stark shift. We measured the absolute clock transition frequency relative to the NIST-F1 Cs fountain clock and find the frequency to be 518 295 836 590 865.2(0.7) Hz.
We experimentally investigate an optical clock based on 171^{171}171Yb (I=1/2I=1/2I=1/2) atoms confined in an optical lattice. We have evaluated all known frequency shifts to the clock transition, including a density-dependent collision shift, with a fractional uncertainty of 3.4×10−163.4 \times 10^{-16}3.4×10−16, limited principally by uncertainty in the blackbody radiation Stark shift. We measured the absolute clock transition frequency relative to the NIST-F1 Cs fountain clock and find the frequency to be 518 295 836 590 865.2(0.7) Hz.
We analyze both the s- and p -wave collision induced frequency shifts and propose an over- π pulse scheme to cancel the shifts in optical lattice clocks interrogated by a Rabi pulse. The collisional frequency shifts are analytically solved as a function of the pulse area and the inhomogeneity of the Rabi frequencies. Experimentally measured collisional frequency shifts in an Yb optical lattice clock are in good agreement with the analytical calculations. Based on our analysis, the over- π pulse combined with a small inhomogeneity below 0.1 allows a fractional uncertainty on a level of 10 −18 in both Sr and Yb optical lattice clocks by canceling the collisional frequency shift.
We observe two-body loss of 3P0{}^{3}\phantom{\rule{-0.16em}{0ex}}{P}_{0}3P0​ 87{}^{87}87Sr atoms trapped in a one-dimensional optical lattice. We measure loss rate coefficients for atomic samples between 1 and 6 $\ensuremath{\mu}$K that are prepared either in a single nuclear-spin sublevel or with equal populations in two sublevels. The measured temperature and nuclear-spin preparation dependence of rate coefficients agree well with calculations and reveal that rate coefficients for distinguishable atoms are only slightly enhanced over those of indistinguishable atoms. We further observe a suppression of excitation and losses during interrogation of the 1S0{}^{1}\phantom{\rule{-0.16em}{0ex}}{S}_{0}1S0​--3P0{}^{3}\phantom{\rule{-0.16em}{0ex}}{P}_{0}3P0​ transition as density increases and Rabi frequency decreases, which suggests the presence of strong interactions in our dynamically driven many-body system.
We study ultracold collisions in fermionic ytterbium by precisely measuring the energy shifts they impart on the atoms' internal clock states. Exploiting Fermi statistics, we uncover p-wave collisions, in both weakly and strongly interacting regimes. With the higher density afforded by two-dimensional lattice confinement, we demonstrate that strong interactions can lead to a novel suppression of this collision shift. In addition to reducing the systematic errors of lattice clocks, this work has application to quantum information and quantum simulation with alkaline-earth atoms.