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arXiv:1106.4712 · Journal of Physics A Mathematical and Theoretical

Matrix coordinate Bethe Ansatz: applications to XXZ and ASEP models

Nicolas Crampé, E. Ragoucy, Damien Simon

Published Sep 14, 2011• 60 citations
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Abstract

We present the construction of the full set of eigenvectors of the open asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP) and XXZ models with special constraints on the boundaries. The method combines both recent constructions of coordinate Bethe Ansatz and the old method of matrix Ansatz specific to the ASEP. This 'matrix coordinate Bethe Ansatz' can be viewed as a non-commutative coordinate Bethe Ansatz, the non-commutative part being related to the algebra appearing in the matrix Ansatz.

DOI
10.1088/1751-8113/44/40/405003

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We present the construction of the full set of eigenvectors of the open asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP) and XXZ models with special constraints on the boundaries. The method combines both recent constructions of coordinate Bethe Ansatz and the old method of matrix Ansatz specific to the ASEP. This 'matrix coordinate Bethe Ansatz' can be viewed as a non-commutative coordinate Bethe Ansatz, the non-commutative part being related to the algebra appearing in the matrix Ansatz.
The asymmetric simple exclusion process with open boundaries, which is a very simple model of out-of-equilibrium statistical physics, is known to be integrable. In particular, its spectrum can be described in terms of Bethe roots. The large deviation function of the current can be obtained as well by diagonalizing a modified transition matrix, which is still integrable: the spectrum of this new matrix can also be described in terms of Bethe roots for special values of the parameters. However, due to the algebraic framework used to write the Bethe equations in previous works, the nature of the excitations and the full structure of the eigenvectors remained unknown. This paper explains why the eigenvectors of the modified transition matrix are physically relevant, gives an explicit expression for the eigenvectors and applies it to the study of atypical currents. It also shows how the coordinate Bethe ansatz developed for the excitations leads to a simple derivation of the Bethe equations and of the validity conditions of this ansatz. All the results obtained by de Gier and Essler are recovered and the approach gives a physical interpretation of the exceptional points. The overlap of this approach with other tools such as the matrix ansatz is also discussed. The method that is presented here may be not specific to the asymmetric exclusion process and may be applied to other models with open boundaries to find similar exceptional points.
We derive, using the algebraic Bethe ansatz, a generalized matrix product ansatz for the asymmetric exclusion process (ASEP) on a one-dimensional periodic lattice. In this matrix product ansatz, the components of the eigenvectors of the ASEP Markov matrix can be expressed as traces of products of non-commuting operators. We derive the relations between the operators involved and show that they generate a quadratic algebra. Our construction provides explicit finite-dimensional representations for the generators of this algebra.
In non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, the Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process (ASEP) serves as a paradigmatic example. We investigate the spectral characteristics of the ASEP, focusing on the spectral boundary of its generator matrix. We examine finite ASEP chains of length LLL, under periodic (pbc) and open boundary conditions (obc). Notably, the spectral boundary exhibits LLL spikes for pbc and L+1L+1L+1 spikes for obc. Treating the ASEP generator as an interacting non-Hermitian fermionic model, we extend the model to have tunable interaction. In the non-interacting case, the analytically computed many-body spectrum shows a spectral boundary with prominent spikes. For pbc, we use the coordinate Bethe ansatz to interpolate between the noninteracting case to the ASEP limit, and show that these spikes stem from clustering of Bethe roots. The robustness of the spikes in the spectral boundary is demonstrated by linking the ASEP generator to random matrices with trace correlations or, equivalently, random graphs with distinct cycle structures, both displaying similar spiked spectral boundaries.
In nonequilibrium statistical mechanics, the asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP) serves as a paradigmatic example. We investigate the spectral characteristics of the ASEP, focusing on the spectral boundary of its generator matrix. We examine finite ASEP chains of length L, under periodic boundary conditions (PBCs) and open boundary conditions (OBCs). Notably, the spectral boundary exhibits L spikes for PBCs and L+1 spikes for OBCs. Treating the ASEP generator as an interacting non-Hermitian fermionic model, we extend the model to have tunable interaction. In the noninteracting case, the analytically computed many-body spectrum shows a spectral boundary with prominent spikes. For PBCs, we use the coordinate Bethe ansatz to interpolate between the noninteracting case to the ASEP limit and show that these spikes stem from clustering of Bethe roots. The robustness of the spikes in the spectral boundary is demonstrated by linking the ASEP generator to random matrices with trace correlations or, equivalently, random graphs with distinct cycle structures, both displaying similar spiked spectral boundaries.