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arXiv:1106.2428

On the classification of Hermitian self-dual additive codes over GF(9)

Lars Eirik Danielsen

Published Jun 13, 2011• 0 citations
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Abstract

Additive codes over GF(9) that are self-dual with respect to the Hermitian trace inner product have a natural application in quantum information theory, where they correspond to ternary quantum error-correcting codes. However, these codes have so far received far less interest from coding theorists than self-dual additive codes over GF(4), which correspond to binary quantum codes. Self-dual additive codes over GF(9) have been classified up to length 8, and in this paper we extend the complete classification to codes of length 9 and 10. The classification is obtained by using a new algorithm that combines two graph representations of self-dual additive codes. The search space is first reduced by the fact that every code can be mapped to a weighted graph, and a different graph is then introduced that transforms the problem of code equivalence into a problem of graph isomorphism. By an extension technique, we are able to classify all optimal codes of length 11 and 12. There are 56,005,876 (11,3^11,5) codes and 6493 (12,3^12,6) codes. We also find the smallest codes with trivial automorphism group.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1106.2428

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Additive codes over GF(9) that are self-dual with respect to the Hermitian trace inner product have a natural application in quantum information theory, where they correspond to ternary quantum error-correcting codes. However, these codes have so far received far less interest from coding theorists than self-dual additive codes over GF(4), which correspond to binary quantum codes. Self-dual additive codes over GF(9) have been classified up to length 8, and in this paper we extend the complete classification to codes of length 9 and 10. The classification is obtained by using a new algorithm that combines two graph representations of self-dual additive codes. The search space is first reduced by the fact that every code can be mapped to a weighted graph, and a different graph is then introduced that transforms the problem of code equivalence into a problem of graph isomorphism. By an extension technique, we are able to classify all optimal codes of length 11 and 12. There are 56,005,876 (11,3^11,5) codes and 6493 (12,3^12,6) codes. We also find the smallest codes with trivial automorphism group.
On the Classification of Hermitian Self-Dual Additive Codes Over GF(9){\rm GF}(9)GF(9)
Additive codes over GF(9) that are self-dual with respect to the Hermitian trace inner product have a natural application in quantum information theory, where they correspond to ternary quantum error-correcting codes. However, these codes have so far received far less interest from coding theorists than self-dual additive codes over GF(4), which correspond to binary quantum codes. Self-dual additive codes over GF(9) have been classified up to length 8, and in this paper we extend the complete classification to codes of lengths 9 and 10. The classification is obtained by using a new algorithm that combines two graph representations of self-dual additive codes. The search space is first reduced by the fact that every code can be mapped to a weighted graph, and a different graph is then introduced that transforms the problem of code equivalence into a problem of graph isomorphism. By an extension technique, we are able to classify all optimal codes of lengths 11 and 12. There are 56 005 876 (11, 311, 5) codes and 6493 (12, 312, 6) codes. We also find the smallest codes with trivial automorphism group.
Additive code C over GF(4) of length n is an additive subgroup of GF(4)n. It is well known [4] that the problem of finding stabilizer quantum error-correcting codes is transformed into problem of finding additive self-orthogonal codes over the Galois field GF(4) under a trace inner product. Our purpose is to construct good additive self-dual codes of length 13 ≤ n ≤ 21. In this paper we classify all extremal (optimal) codes of lengths 13 and 14, and we construct many extremal codes of lengths 15 and 16. Also, we construct some new extremal codes of lengths 17,18,19, and 21. We give the current status of known extremal (optimal) additive self-dual codes of lengths 13 to 21.
Abstract. Quantum stabilizer states over Fm can be represented as self-dual additive codes over F m 2. These codes can be represented as weighted graphs, and orbits of graphs under the generalized local complementation operation correspond to equivalence classes of codes. We have previously used this fact to classify self-dual additive codes over F4. In this paper we classify selfdual additive codes over F9, F16, and F25. Assuming that the classical MDS conjecture holds, we are able to classify all self-dual additive MDS codes over F9 by using an extension technique. We prove that the minimum distance of a self-dual additive code is related to the minimum vertex degree in the associated graph orbit. Circulant graph codes are introduced, and a computer search reveals that this set contains many strong codes. We show that some of these codes have highly regular graph representations. 1.
A short introduction to quantum error correction is given, and it is shown that zero-dimensional quantum codes can be represented as self-dual additive codes over GF(4) and also as graphs. We show that graphs representing several such codes with high minimum distance can be described as nested regular graphs having minimum regular vertex degree and containing long cycles. Two graphs correspond to equivalent quantum codes if they are related by a sequence of local complementations. We use this operation to generate orbits of graphs, and thus classify all inequivalent self-dual additive codes over GF(4) of length up to 12, where previously only all codes of length up to 9 were known. We show that these codes can be interpreted as quadratic Boolean functions, and we define non-quadratic quantum codes, corresponding to Boolean functions of higher degree. We look at various cryptographic properties of Boolean functions, in particular the propagation criteria. The new aperiodic propagation criterion (APC) and the APC distance are then defined. We show that the distance of a zero-dimensional quantum code is equal to the APC distance of the corresponding Boolean function. Orbits of Boolean functions with respect to the {I,H,N}^n transform set are generated. We also study the peak-to-average power ratio with respect to the {I,H,N}^n transform set (PAR_IHN), and prove that PAR_IHN of a quadratic Boolean function is related to the size of the maximum independent set over the corresponding orbit of graphs. A construction technique for non-quadratic Boolean functions with low PAR_IHN is proposed. It is finally shown that both PAR_IHN and APC distance can be interpreted as partial entanglement measures.
. In this paper we discuss the status of the classication of the extremal additive codes over GF (4) which are self-dual under the trace inner product. These codes are of interest because of their connection to quantum codes. There are 5 inequivalent codes of length 8, 8 of length 9, at least 56 of length 10, and exactly 1 of length 11. We discuss the methods of classication, the concepts of lengthening and shortening, and connections to binary codes. 1. Introduction An additive code C over GF (4) of length n is an additive subgroup of GF (4) n . As C is a free GF(2)-module, it has size 2 k for some 0 k 2n. We call C an (n; 2 k ) code. It has a basis, as a GF(2)-module, consisting of k basis vectors; a generator matrix of C will be a k n matrix with entries in GF (4) whose rows are a basis of C. Interest in additive codes over GF (4) has arisen because of their correspondence to quantum codes as described in [3]. There is a natural inner product arising from the trace m...