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arXiv:1105.4886 · Physical Review B

Tunable anisotropic magnetism in trapped two-component Bose gases

Yongqiang Li, M. Reza Bakhtiari, Liang He, Walter Hofstetter

Published Oct 5, 2011• 36 citations
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Abstract

We theoretically address magnetic ordering at zero and finite temperature in both homogeneous and trapped Bose-Bose mixtures in optical lattices. By using bosonic dynamical mean-field theory, we obtain the phase diagram of the homogeneous two-component Bose-Hubbard model in a three-dimensional cubic lattice, which features competing magnetic order of $XY$ ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic type in addition to the Mott and superfluid states. We show that these magnetic phases persist also in the presence of a harmonic trap.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.84.144411

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We theoretically investigate the pair-superfluid phase of two-component ultracold gases with attractive inter-species interactions in an optical lattice. We establish the phase diagram for filling n = 1 at zero and finite temperatures, by applying bosonic dynamical mean-field theory, and observe stable pair-superfluid and charge-density wave quantum phases for asymmetric hopping of the two species. While the pair superfluid is found to be robust in the presence of a harmonic trap, we observe that it is destroyed already by a small population imbalance of the two species.
We analyze theoretically a spinor Bose gas loaded into a three-dimensional cubic optical lattice. In order to account for different superfluid phases of spin-1 bosons in the presence of an external magnetic field, we work out a Ginzburg-Landau theory for the underlying spin-1 Bose-Hubbard model. In particular at zero temperature, we determine both the Mott and the superfluid phases for the competition between the anti-ferromagnetic interaction and the linear Zeeman effect within the validity range of the Ginzburg-Landau theory. Moreover, we find that the phase transition between the superfluid and Mott insulator phases is of second order and that the transitions between the respective superfluid phases for anti-ferromagnetic interaction can be both of first and second order.
We theoretically investigate zero-temperature magnetic ordering of mixtures of spin-1 (alkali-metal atoms) and spin-0 (alkaline-earth-metal atoms) bosons in a three-dimensional optical lattice. With the single-mode approximation for the spin-1 bosons, we obtain an effective Bose-Hubbard model for describing the heteronuclear mixtures in optical lattices. By controlling the interspecies interactions between alkali-metal and alkaline-earth-metal atoms, we map out complete phase diagrams of the system with both positive and negative spin-dependent interactions for spin-1 atoms, based on bosonic dynamical mean-field theory. We find that the spin-1 components feature ferromagnetic and nematic insulating phases, in addition to the superfluid, depending on spin-dependent interactions. Take the spin-1 alkali-metal bosons as spin $\ensuremath{\uparrow}$, and spin-0 alkaline-earth-metal bosons as spin $\ensuremath{\downarrow}$, we observe that the system favors ferromagnetic insulator at filling n=1n=1n=1 and unorder insulator at n=2n=2n=2. Interestingly, we observe a two-step Mott-insulating-superfluid phase transition, as a result of mass imbalance between alkali-metal and alkaline-earth-metal atoms.
We analyze theoretically the emergence of different superfluid phases of spin-1 bosons in a three-dimensional cubic optical lattice by generalizing the recently developed Ginzburg–Landau theory for the Bose–Hubbard model to a spinor Bose gas. In particular at zero temperature, our theory distinguishes within its validity range between various superfluid phases for an anti-ferromagnetic interaction with an external magnetic field. In addition, we determine that the superfluid–Mott insulator phase transition is of second order and that the transitions between the respective superfluid phases with anti-ferromagnetic interaction can be both of first and second order.
Abstract We study an SU(4)-symmetric ultracold fermionic mixture in a cubic optical lattice with a variable tunneling amplitude along one particular crystallographic axis in the crossover region from the two- to three-dimensional spatial geometry. To theoretically analyze the emerging magnetic phases and physical observables, we describe the system within the framework of the Fermi–Hubbard model and apply dynamical mean-field theory. We show that in two limiting cases of anisotropy, there are two phases with different antiferromagnetic orderings in the zero temperature limit and we determine a region of their coexistence. We also study the stability regions of different magnetically ordered states and density profiles of the gas in the harmonic optical trap.