Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:1105.4188

Counterexample to "Sufficient Conditions for uniqueness of the Weak Value" by J. Dressel and A. N. Jordan, arXiv:1106.1871v1

Stephen Parrott

Published May 20, 2011• 3 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The abstract of "Contextual Values of Observables in Quantum Measurements" by J. Dressel, S. Agarwal, and A. N. Jordan [Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 240401 (2010)] (called DAJ below), states: "We introduce contextual values as a generalization of the eigenvalues of an observable that takes into account both the system observable and a general measurement procedure. This technique leads to a natural definition of a general conditioned average that converges uniquely to the quantum weak value in the minimal disturbance limit." A counterexample to the claim of the last sentence was presented in Version 1. Subsequently Dressel and Jordan placed in the arXiv the paper of the title (called DJ below) which attempts to prove the claim of DAJ quoted above under stronger hypotheses than given in DAJ, hypotheses which the counterexample does not satisfy. The present work (Version 6) presents a new counterexample to this revised claim of DJ. A brief introduction to "contextual values" is included. Also included is a critical analysis of DJ.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1105.4188

Related papers

"Contextual weak values" of quantum measurements with positive measurement operators are not limited to the traditional weak value

Stephen Parrott

A recent Letter in Physical Review Letters, "Contextual Values of Observables in Quantum Measurements", by J. Dressel, S. Agarwal, and A. N. Jordan (abbreviated DAJ below), introduces the concept of "contextual values" and claims that they lead to "a natural definition of a general conditioned average that converges uniquely to the quantum weak value in the minimal disturbance limit". However, they do not define "minimal disturbance limit". The present paper is in part the saga of my search for a definition of "minimal disturbance limit" under which this claim could be proved. The search finally ended in what is probably a definitive counterexample to the claim.

arXiv:1102.4407•Feb 22, 2011•3 citations

Proof gap in "Sufficient conditions for uniqueness of the Weak Value" by J. Dressel and A. N. Jordan, J. Phys. A 45 (2012) 015304

Stephen Parrott

The article of the title attempts to prove a "General theorem" (GT) giving sufficient conditions under which a previously introduced "general conditioned average" "converges uniquely to the quantum weak value in the minimal disturbance limit." The "general conditioned average" is obtained from a positive operator valued measure (POVM) depending on a small "weakness" parameter g. We point out that unstated assumptions in the presentation of the "sufficient conditions" make them appear much more general than they actually are. Indeed, the stated "sufficient conditions" strengthened by these unstated assumptions seem very close to an assumption that the POVM operators be linear polynomials in g. Moreover, there appears to be a critical error or gap in the attempted proof, even assuming a linear POVM. A counterexample to the proof of the GT (though not to its conclusion) is given. Nevertheless, I conjecture that the conclusion is actually true for linear POVM's whose contextual values are chosen by the article's "pseudoinverse prescription".

arXiv:1202.5604•Feb 25, 2012•2 citations

Contextual Values of Observables in Quantum Measurements

Justin Dressel, Shantanu Agarwal, Andrew N. Jordan

We introduce contextual values as a generalization of the eigenvalues of an observable that takes into account both the system observable and a general measurement procedure. This technique leads to a natural definition of a general conditioned average that converges uniquely to the quantum weak value in the minimal disturbance limit. As such, we address the controversy in the literature regarding the theoretical consistency of the quantum weak value by providing a more general theoretical framework and giving several examples of how that framework relates to existing experimental and theoretical results.

arXiv:0911.4474•Physical Review Letters•Jun 15, 2010•111 citations

Discussion of "Contextual Values of Observables in Quantum Measurements" by J. Dressel, S. Agarwal, and A. N. Jordan

Stephen Parrott

•Feb 22, 2011•0 citations

Contextual-value approach to the generalized measurement of observables

Justin Dressel, Andrew N. Jordan

We present a detailed motivation for and definition of the contextual values of an observable, which were introduced by Dressel et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 240401 (2010)]. The theory of contextual values is a principled approach to the generalized measurement of observables. It extends the well-established theory of generalized state measurements by bridging the gap between partial state collapse and the observables that represent physically relevant information about the system. To emphasize the general utility of the concept, we first construct the full theory of contextual values within an operational formulation of classical probability theory, paying special attention to observable construction, detector coupling, generalized measurement, and measurement disturbance. We then extend the results to quantum probability theory built as a superstructure on the classical theory, pointing out both the classical correspondences to and the full quantum generalizations of both L\"uder's rule and the Aharonov-Bergmann-Lebowitz rule in the process. As such, our treatment doubles as a self-contained pedagogical introduction to the essential components of the operational formulations for both classical and quantum probability theory. We find in both cases that the contextual values of a system observable form a generalized spectrum that is associated with the independent outcomes of a partially correlated and generally ambiguous detector; the eigenvalues are a special case when the detector is perfectly correlated and unambiguous. To illustrate the approach, we apply the technique to both a classical example of marble color detection and a quantum example of polarization detection. For the quantum example we detail two devices: Fresnel reflection from a glass coverslip, and continuous beam displacement from a calcite crystal. We also analyze the three-box paradox to demonstrate that no negative probabilities are necessary in its analysis. Finally, we provide a derivation of the quantum weak value as a limit point of a pre- and postselected conditioned average and provide sufficient conditions for the derivation to hold.

arXiv:1110.0418•Physical Review A•Feb 27, 2012•57 citations

Weak values as interference phenomena

Justin Dressel

Weak values arise experimentally as conditioned averages of weak (noisy) observable measurements that minimally disturb an initial quantum state, and also as dynamical variables for reduced quantum state evolution even in the absence of measurement. These averages can exceed the eigenvalue range of the observable ostensibly being estimated, which has prompted considerable debate regarding their interpretation. Classical conditioned averages of noisy signals only show such anomalies if the quantity being measured is also disturbed prior to conditioning. This fact has recently been rediscovered, along with the question whether anomalous weak values are merely classical disturbance effects. Here we carefully review the role of the weak value as both a conditioned observable estimation and a dynamical variable, and clarify why classical disturbance models will be insufficient to explain the weak value unless they can also simulate other quantum interference phenomena.

arXiv:1410.0943•Physical Review A•Mar 18, 2015•127 citations
The abstract of "Contextual Values of Observables in Quantum Measurements" by J. Dressel, S. Agarwal, and A. N. Jordan [Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 240401 (2010)] (called DAJ below), states: "We introduce contextual values as a generalization of the eigenvalues of an observable that takes into account both the system observable and a general measurement procedure. This technique leads to a natural definition of a general conditioned average that converges uniquely to the quantum weak value in the minimal disturbance limit." A counterexample to the claim of the last sentence was presented in Version 1. Subsequently Dressel and Jordan placed in the arXiv the paper of the title (called DJ below) which attempts to prove the claim of DAJ quoted above under stronger hypotheses than given in DAJ, hypotheses which the counterexample does not satisfy. The present work (Version 6) presents a new counterexample to this revised claim of DJ. A brief introduction to "contextual values" is included. Also included is a critical analysis of DJ.
A recent Letter in Physical Review Letters, "Contextual Values of Observables in Quantum Measurements", by J. Dressel, S. Agarwal, and A. N. Jordan (abbreviated DAJ below), introduces the concept of "contextual values" and claims that they lead to "a natural definition of a general conditioned average that converges uniquely to the quantum weak value in the minimal disturbance limit". However, they do not define "minimal disturbance limit". The present paper is in part the saga of my search for a definition of "minimal disturbance limit" under which this claim could be proved. The search finally ended in what is probably a definitive counterexample to the claim.
The article of the title attempts to prove a "General theorem" (GT) giving sufficient conditions under which a previously introduced "general conditioned average" "converges uniquely to the quantum weak value in the minimal disturbance limit." The "general conditioned average" is obtained from a positive operator valued measure (POVM) depending on a small "weakness" parameter g. We point out that unstated assumptions in the presentation of the "sufficient conditions" make them appear much more general than they actually are. Indeed, the stated "sufficient conditions" strengthened by these unstated assumptions seem very close to an assumption that the POVM operators be linear polynomials in g. Moreover, there appears to be a critical error or gap in the attempted proof, even assuming a linear POVM. A counterexample to the proof of the GT (though not to its conclusion) is given. Nevertheless, I conjecture that the conclusion is actually true for linear POVM's whose contextual values are chosen by the article's "pseudoinverse prescription".
We introduce contextual values as a generalization of the eigenvalues of an observable that takes into account both the system observable and a general measurement procedure. This technique leads to a natural definition of a general conditioned average that converges uniquely to the quantum weak value in the minimal disturbance limit. As such, we address the controversy in the literature regarding the theoretical consistency of the quantum weak value by providing a more general theoretical framework and giving several examples of how that framework relates to existing experimental and theoretical results.
We present a detailed motivation for and definition of the contextual values of an observable, which were introduced by Dressel et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 240401 (2010)]. The theory of contextual values is a principled approach to the generalized measurement of observables. It extends the well-established theory of generalized state measurements by bridging the gap between partial state collapse and the observables that represent physically relevant information about the system. To emphasize the general utility of the concept, we first construct the full theory of contextual values within an operational formulation of classical probability theory, paying special attention to observable construction, detector coupling, generalized measurement, and measurement disturbance. We then extend the results to quantum probability theory built as a superstructure on the classical theory, pointing out both the classical correspondences to and the full quantum generalizations of both L\"uder's rule and the Aharonov-Bergmann-Lebowitz rule in the process. As such, our treatment doubles as a self-contained pedagogical introduction to the essential components of the operational formulations for both classical and quantum probability theory. We find in both cases that the contextual values of a system observable form a generalized spectrum that is associated with the independent outcomes of a partially correlated and generally ambiguous detector; the eigenvalues are a special case when the detector is perfectly correlated and unambiguous. To illustrate the approach, we apply the technique to both a classical example of marble color detection and a quantum example of polarization detection. For the quantum example we detail two devices: Fresnel reflection from a glass coverslip, and continuous beam displacement from a calcite crystal. We also analyze the three-box paradox to demonstrate that no negative probabilities are necessary in its analysis. Finally, we provide a derivation of the quantum weak value as a limit point of a pre- and postselected conditioned average and provide sufficient conditions for the derivation to hold.
Weak values arise experimentally as conditioned averages of weak (noisy) observable measurements that minimally disturb an initial quantum state, and also as dynamical variables for reduced quantum state evolution even in the absence of measurement. These averages can exceed the eigenvalue range of the observable ostensibly being estimated, which has prompted considerable debate regarding their interpretation. Classical conditioned averages of noisy signals only show such anomalies if the quantity being measured is also disturbed prior to conditioning. This fact has recently been rediscovered, along with the question whether anomalous weak values are merely classical disturbance effects. Here we carefully review the role of the weak value as both a conditioned observable estimation and a dynamical variable, and clarify why classical disturbance models will be insufficient to explain the weak value unless they can also simulate other quantum interference phenomena.