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arXiv:1105.3321 · IEEE Transactions on Information Theory

One-Shot Entanglement-Assisted Quantum and Classical Communication

Nilanjana Datta, Min-Hsiu Hsieh

Published Nov 21, 2012• 52 citations
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Abstract

We study entanglement-assisted quantum and classical communication over a single use of a quantum channel, which itself can correspond to a finite number of uses of a channel with arbitrarily correlated noise. We obtain characterizations of the corresponding one-shot capacities by establishing upper and lower bounds on them in terms of the difference of two smoothed entropic quantities. In the case of a memoryless channel, the upper and lower bounds converge to the known single-letter formulas for the corresponding capacities, in the limit of asymptotically many uses of it. Our results imply that the difference of two smoothed entropic quantities characterizing the one-shot entanglement-assisted capacities serves as a one-shot analog of the mutual information, since it reduces to the mutual information, between the output of the channel and a system purifying its input, in the asymptotic, memoryless scenario.

DOI
10.1109/tit.2012.2228737

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We study entanglement-assisted quantum and classical communication over a single use of a quantum channel, which itself can correspond to a finite number of uses of a channel with arbitrarily correlated noise. We obtain characterizations of the corresponding one-shot capacities by establishing upper and lower bounds on them in terms of the difference of two smoothed entropic quantities. In the case of a memoryless channel, the upper and lower bounds converge to the known single-letter formulas for the corresponding capacities, in the limit of asymptotically many uses of it. Our results imply that the difference of two smoothed entropic quantities characterizing the one-shot entanglement-assisted capacities serves as a one-shot analog of the mutual information, since it reduces to the mutual information, between the output of the channel and a system purifying its input, in the asymptotic, memoryless scenario.
We study optimal rates for quantum communication over a single use of a channel, which itself can correspond to a finite number of uses of a channel with arbitrarily correlated noise. The corresponding capacity is often referred to as the one-shot quantum capacity. In this paper, we prove bounds on the one-shot quantum capacity of an arbitrary channel. This allows us to compute the quantum capacity of a channel with arbitrarily correlated noise, in the limit of asymptotically many uses of the channel. In the memoryless case, we explicitly show that our results reduce to known expressions for the quantum capacity.
We study optimal rates for quantum communication over a single use of a channel, which itself can correspond to a finite number of uses of a channel with arbitrarily correlated noise. The corresponding capacity is often referred to as theone-shotquantum capacity. In this paper, we prove bounds on the one-shot quantum capacity of an arbitrary channel. This allows us to compute the quantum capacity of a channel with arbitrarily correlated noise, in the limit of asymptotically many uses of the channel. In the memoryless case, we explicitly show that our results reduce to known expressions for the quantum capacity.
We analyze a task in which classical and quantum messages are simultaneously communicated via a noisy quantum channel, assisted with a limited amount of shared entanglement. We derive direct and converse bounds for the one-shot capacity region, represented by the smooth conditional entropies and the error tolerance. The proof is based on the randomized partial decoupling theorem, which is a generalization of the decoupling theorem. The two bounds match in the asymptotic limit of infinitely many uses of a memoryless channel and coincide with the previous result obtained by Hsieh and Wilde. Direct and converse bounds for various communication tasks are obtained as corollaries, both for the one-shot and asymptotic scenarios.
The entanglement-assisted capacity of a quantum channel is known to provide the formal quantum generalization of Shannon's classical channel capacity theorem, in the sense that it admits a single-letter characterization in terms of the quantum mutual information and does not increase in the presence of a noiseless quantum feedback channel from receiver to sender. In this work, we investigate second-order asymptotics of the entanglement-assisted communication task. That is, we consider how quickly the rates of entanglement-assisted codes converge to the entanglement-assisted capacity of a channel as a function of the number of channel uses and the error tolerance. We define a quantum generalization of the mutual information variance of a channel in the entanglement-assisted setting. For covariant channels, we show that this quantity is equal to the channel dispersion, and characterizes the convergence towards the entanglement-assisted capacity when the number of channel uses increases. More generally, we prove that the Gaussian approximation for a second-order coding rate is achievable for all quantum channels.
The entanglement-assisted classical capacity of a noisy quantum channel (C/sub E/) is the amount of information per channel use that can be sent over the channel in the limit of many uses of the channel, assuming that the sender and receiver have access to the resource of shared quantum entanglement, which may be used up by the communication protocol. We show that the capacity C/sub E/ is given by an expression parallel to that for the capacity of a purely classical channel: i.e., the maximum, over channel inputs /spl rho/, of the entropy of the channel input plus the entropy of the channel output minus their joint entropy, the latter being defined as the entropy of an entangled purification of /spl rho/ after half of it has passed through the channel. We calculate entanglement-assisted capacities for two interesting quantum channels, the qubit amplitude damping channel and the bosonic channel with amplification/attenuation and Gaussian noise. We discuss how many independent parameters are required to completely characterize the asymptotic behavior of a general quantum channel, alone or in the presence of ancillary resources such as prior entanglement. In the classical analog of entanglement-assisted communication - communication over a discrete memoryless channel (DMC) between parties who share prior random information - we show that one parameter is sufficient, i.e., that in the presence of prior shared random information, all DMCs of equal capacity can simulate one another with unit asymptotic efficiency.
We analyze a task in which classical and quantum messages are simultaneously communicated via a noisy quantum channel, assisted with a limited amount of shared entanglement. We derive the direct and converse bounds for the one-shot capacity region. The bounds are represented in terms of the smooth conditional entropies and the error tolerance, and coincide in the asymptotic limit of infinitely many uses of the channel. The direct and converse bounds for various communication tasks are obtained as corollaries, both for one-shot and asymptotic scenarios. The proof is based on the randomized partial decoupling theorem, which is a generalization of the decoupling theorem. Thereby we provide a unified decoupling approach to the one-shot quantum channel coding, by fully incorporating classical communication, quantum communication and shared entanglement.