Quantum computation (QC) and digital quantum simulation (DQS) essentially require two- or multi-qubit controlled-NOT or -phase gates. We propose an alternative pathway for QC and DQS using a three-qubit parity gate in a Rydberg atom array. The basic principle of the Rydberg atom parity gate (RPG) is that the operation on the target qubit is controlled by the parity of the control qubits. First, we discuss how to construct an RPG based on a dark state resonance. We optimize the gate parameters by numerically analyzing the time evolution of the computational basis states to maximize the gate fidelity. We also show that our proposed RPG is extremely robust against the Rydberg blockade error. To demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed RPG over the conventional CNOT or CZ gate in QC and DQS, we implement the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm and simulate the Ising Hamiltonian. The results show that RPG can be a better substitute of the CNOT gate to yield better results, as it decreases the circuit noise by reducing circuit depth.Quantum computation (QC) and digital quantum simulation (DQS) essentially require two- or multi-qubit controlled-NOT or -phase gates. We propose an alternative pathway for QC and DQS using a three-qubit parity gate in a Rydberg atom array. The basic principle of the Rydberg atom parity gate (RPG) is that the operation on the target qubit is controlled by the parity of the control qubits. First, we discuss how to construct an RPG based on a dark state resonance. We optimize the gate parameters by numerically analyzing the time evolution of the computational basis states to maximize the gate fidelity. We also show that our proposed RPG is extremely robust against the Rydberg blockade error. To demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed RPG over the conventional CNOT or CZ gate in QC and DQS, we implement the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm and simulate the Ising Hamiltonian. The results show that RPG can be a better substitute of the CNOT gate to yield better results, as it decreases the circuit noise by reducing circuit depth.

quant-pharXiv:2601.06665Jan 13, 20260 citations

Quantum simulation using arrays of single Rydberg atoms

Thierry Lahaye

Jul 1, 20200 citations

A Rydberg quantum simulator

Hendrik Weimer, Markus Müller, Igor Lesanovsky +2 more

arXiv:0907.1657Nature PhysicsMar 14, 2010866 citations

Unleashing Emergent Fermions with Rydberg Atom Simulators

Hanteng Wang, Xingyu Li, Shang Liu +2 more

Rydberg atom simulators, in both analog and digital modes, have attracted significant recent interest due to their versatile geometric reconfigurability. In this work, leveraging this feature, we propose two complementary approaches, one for each mode, to characterize emergent fermions in critical quantum many-body systems. In the analog mode, we assemble the Rydberg atoms in a "developable" (namely, preserving local couplings) Möbius band geometry to realize antiperiodic boundary conditions, where fermionic states reside. Spectroscopic measurement in this sector then reveals universal energy ratios of the bosonic and fermionic states. In the digital mode, we carry out a fermionic version of Kibble-Zurek ramping with a quantum circuit, directly addressing the fermionic scaling form. Reconfigurability allows an exponential speed-up of this task, with an $O(\log L\log\log L)$ circuit-depth overhead. Our work establishes the Rydberg atom simulator as a uniquely powerful platform to attack the notoriously difficult issue of experimentally probing emergent fermions that are nonlocally defined in a bosonic system.Rydberg atom simulators, in both analog and digital modes, have attracted significant recent interest due to their versatile geometric reconfigurability. In this work, leveraging this feature, we propose two complementary approaches, one for each mode, to characterize emergent fermions in critical quantum many-body systems. In the analog mode, we assemble the Rydberg atoms in a "developable" (namely, preserving local couplings) Möbius band geometry to realize antiperiodic boundary conditions, where fermionic states reside. Spectroscopic measurement in this sector then reveals universal energy ratios of the bosonic and fermionic states. In the digital mode, we carry out a fermionic version of Kibble-Zurek ramping with a quantum circuit, directly addressing the fermionic scaling form. Reconfigurability allows an exponential speed-up of this task, with an $O(\log L\log\log L)$ circuit-depth overhead. Our work establishes the Rydberg atom simulator as a uniquely powerful platform to attack the notoriously difficult issue of experimentally probing emergent fermions that are nonlocally defined in a bosonic system.

cond-mat.quant-gasCross-listedarXiv:2606.19444Jun 19, 20260 citations

Quantum computation and simulation using Rydberg parity gates

Sinchan Snigdha Rej, Snigdhadev Ray, Bimalendu Deb

Abstract Quantum computation (QC) and digital quantum simulation (DQS) essentially require two- or multi-qubit controlled-NOT (CNOT) or -phase gates. We propose an alternative pathway for QC and DQS using a multi-qubit parity gate in a one- or two-dimensional Rydberg atom array. The basic principle of the Rydberg parity gate (RPG) is that the operation on the target qubit is controlled by the parity of the control qubits. First, we discuss how to construct a three-qubit RPG in a one-dimensional atom array, based on dark state resonances. We optimize the gate parameters by numerically analyzing the time evolution of the computational basis states to maximize the gate fidelity. We also show that our proposed RPG is extremely robust against the Rydberg blockade error. Then to scale up, we propose multi-control RPG in a two-dimensional array of atoms. We show how these multiqubit parity gates can replace a long sequence of two-qubit gates in a quantum circuit. To demonstrate the efficiency of our proposed parity gates over the conventional CNOT or CZ gate in QC and DQS, we implement the Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm and simulate the Ising Hamiltonian. The results show that RPG can be a better substitute of the CNOT gate to yield better results, as it decreases the circuit noise by reducing circuit depth.Abstract Quantum computation (QC) and digital quantum simulation (DQS) essentially require two- or multi-qubit controlled-NOT (CNOT) or -phase gates. We propose an alternative pathway for QC and DQS using a multi-qubit parity gate in a one- or two-dimensional Rydberg atom array. The basic principle of the Rydberg parity gate (RPG) is that the operation on the target qubit is controlled by the parity of the control qubits. First, we discuss how to construct a three-qubit RPG in a one-dimensional atom array, based on dark state resonances. We optimize the gate parameters by numerically analyzing the time evolution of the computational basis states to maximize the gate fidelity. We also show that our proposed RPG is extremely robust against the Rydberg blockade error. Then to scale up, we propose multi-control RPG in a two-dimensional array of atoms. We show how these multiqubit parity gates can replace a long sequence of two-qubit gates in a quantum circuit. To demonstrate the efficiency of our proposed parity gates over the conventional CNOT or CZ gate in QC and DQS, we implement the Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm and simulate the Ising Hamiltonian. The results show that RPG can be a better substitute of the CNOT gate to yield better results, as it decreases the circuit noise by reducing circuit depth.

Physica ScriptaJun 5, 20260 citations

Quantum Simulation and Computation with Programmable Rydberg Atom Arrays

Alexander Keesling, Harry Levine, Ahmed Omran +7 more

Bulletin of the American Physical SocietyMar 4, 20200 citations

O(\log L\log\log L)

circuit-depth overhead. Our work establishes the Rydberg atom simulator as a uniquely powerful platform to attack the notoriously difficult issue of experimentally probing emergent fermions that are nonlocally defined in a bosonic system.