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arXiv:1104.0545 · Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Generation of motional nonlinear coherent states and their superpositions via an intensity-dependent coupling of a cavity field to a micromechanical membrane

Sh Barzanjeh, M. H. Naderi, M Soltanolkotabi

Published Apr 28, 2011• 15 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We propose a theoretical scheme to show the possibility of generating motional nonlinear coherent states and their superposition for an undamped vibrating micromechanical membrane inside an optical cavity. The scheme is based on an intensity-dependent coupling of the membrane to the radiation pressure field. We show that if the cavity field is initially prepared in a Fock state, the motional state of the membrane may evolve from a vacuum state to a special type of nonlinear coherent states. By examining the nonclassical properties of the generated state of the membrane, including the quadrature squeezing and the sub-Poissonian statistics, we find that by varying the Lamb–Dicke parameter and the membrane's reflectivity one can effectively control those properties. In addition, the scheme offers the possibility of generating various types of the so-called nonlinear multicomponent Schrödinger cat states of the membrane. We also examine the effect of the damping of the cavity field on the motional state of the membrane.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/44/10/105504

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We propose a theoretical scheme to show the possibility of generating motional nonlinear coherent states and their superposition for an undamped vibrating micromechanical membrane inside an optical cavity. The scheme is based on an intensity-dependent coupling of the membrane to the radiation pressure field. We show that if the cavity field is initially prepared in a Fock state, the motional state of the membrane may evolve from a vacuum state to a special type of nonlinear coherent states. By examining the nonclassical properties of the generated state of the membrane, including the quadrature squeezing and the sub-Poissonian statistics, we find that by varying the Lamb–Dicke parameter and the membrane's reflectivity one can effectively control those properties. In addition, the scheme offers the possibility of generating various types of the so-called nonlinear multicomponent Schrödinger cat states of the membrane. We also examine the effect of the damping of the cavity field on the motional state of the membrane.
We report on the realization of a hybrid optomechanical system in which ultracold atoms are coupled to a micromechanical membrane. The atoms are trapped in the intensity maxima of an optical standing wave formed by retroreflection of a laser beam from the membrane surface. Vibrations of the membrane displace the standing wave, thus coupling to the center-of-mass motion of the atomic ensemble. Conversely, atoms imprint their motion onto the laser light, thereby modulating the radiation pressure force on the membrane. In this way, the laser light mediates a long-distance coherent coupling between the two systems. When the trap frequency of the atoms is matched to the membrane frequency, we observe resonant energy transfer. Moreover, we demonstrate sympathetic damping of the membrane motion by coupling it to laser-cooled atoms. Theoretical investigations show that the coupling strength can be considerably enhanced by placing the membrane inside an optical cavity. This could lead to quantum coherent coupling and ground-state cooling of the membrane via a distant atomic ensemble.
In this paper, we propose a new theoretical scheme for generating a macroscopic Schrödinger cat state of a mechanical oscillator in a hybrid optomechanical system where a beam of two-level atoms passes through the cavity. In the model under consideration, the cavity field couples to the macroscopic mirror through the optomechanical interaction while it couples to the atom through a generalized Jaynes–Cummings interaction that involves the cavity-mode structure. The motion of the mirror modifies the cavity-mode function and therefore modulates the atom-field interaction, leading to the three-mode atom-field-mirror coupling or, equivalently, polariton-mirror coupling in a dressed picture. This interaction induces a controllable anharmonicity in the energy spectrum of the mechanical oscillator, which provides the possibility of generating a superposition of two time-dependent coherent states of the mechanical oscillator just by performing a conditional measurement on the internal states of the atoms exiting the optomechanical cavity. We also investigate the tripartite atom-field-mirror entanglement, which is controllable by adjusting the parameters of the system. In addition, we explore the effects of the mechanical dissipation and thermal noise on the tripartite quantum correlation in the system as well as the generated mechanical superposition state.
A theoretical scheme for the realization of the sphere-coherent motional states in an optomechanical cavity in the presence of a two-level atom is proposed. To this end, the analogy between an atom-assisted optomechanical cavity and a laser-driven trapped-ion system is used. This analogy provides us with a theoretical tool to show how sphere-coherent states (SCSs) can be generated for the motional degree of freedom of the macroscopic mechanical oscillator (MO) from atom-field-mirror interactions in a multimode optomechanical cavity. Some nonclassical properties of the generated state of the MO, including the degree of quadrature squeezing and the negativity of the Wigner distribution, are studied. We also examine the effects of the dissipation mechanisms involved in the system under consideration, including the atomic spontaneous emission and the damping of the motion of the MO, on the generated motional SCSs.
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We propose a scheme to prepare macroscopic quantum superpositions of motion in optomachanical nano- or micromechanical oscillators quadratically coupled to an intracavity field. The nonlinear optomechanical coupling leads to an effective degenerate three-wave mixing interaction between the mechanical and cavity modes. The quantum superpositions result from the combined effects of the interaction and cavity dissipation. We show analytically and confirm numerically that various deterministic quantum superpositions can be achieved, depending on initial mechanical state. The effect of mechanical damping is also studied in detail via the negativity of the Wigner function. The present scheme can be realized in various optomechanical systems with current technology.
In this thesis, I report on the realization of a hybrid optomechanical system in which ultracold atoms are coupled to a micromechanical membrane. The atoms are trapped in the intensity maxima of an optical standing wave formed by retroreflection of a laser beam from the membrane surface. Vibrations of the membrane displace the standing wave, thus coupling to the center-of-mass motion of the atomic ensemble. Conversely, atoms imprint their motion onto the laser light, thereby modulating the radiation pressure force on the membrane. In this way, the laser light mediates a long-distance, coherent coupling between the two systems. \n \nWhen the trap frequency of the atoms is matched to the membrane frequency, we observe resonant energy transfer. In addition, by applying simultaneous laser cooling to the atoms, we can dissipate energy from the coupled system leading to sympathetic cooling of the membrane mode. The experimental data follows the theoretical estimations that predict the coupling to scale with the number of trapped atoms. Furthermore, by including the finite temperature of the atoms and their spatially inhomogeneous trapping potential in the theoretical model of the optomechanical coupling, we can accurately describe the width and shape of the resonance. \n \nIn an improved experimental setup, the membrane is enclosed in a cavity while the atoms are trapped in the standing wave lattice outside the cavity. The presence of the cavity results in a considerable enhancement of the coupling strength in proportion to the cavity finesse. So far we have observed sympathetic cooling of the membrane mode by a factor of 32 starting from room temperature. Theoretical estimates show that in such a setup ground-state cooling of the membrane mode should be possible, allowing one to access the quantum coherent coupling regime.