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arXiv:1104.0109 · Journal of the Physical Society of Japan

Effects of Long-Range Correlations on Nonmagnetic Mott Transitions in Hubbard Model on Square Lattice

智章 宮川, Hisatoshi Yokoyama

Published Jul 25, 2011• 20 citations
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Abstract

The mechanism of Mott transition in the Hubbard model on the square lattice is studied without explicit introduction of magnetic and superconducting correlations, using a variational Monte Carlo method. In the trial wave functions, we consider various types of binding factors between a doubly-occupied site (doublon, D) and an empty site (holon, H), like a long-range type as well as a conventional nearest-neighbor type, and add independent long-range D-D (H-H) factors. It is found that a wide choice of D-H binding factor leads to Mott transitions at critical values near the band width. We renew the D-H binding picture of Mott transitions by introducing two characteristic length scales, the D-H binding length l_{DH} and the minimum D-D distance l_{DD}, which we appropriately estimate. A Mott transition takes place at l_{DH}=l_{DD}. In the metallic regime (l_{DH}>l_{DD}), the domains of D-H pairs overlap with one another, thereby doublons and holons can move independently by exchanging the partners one after another. In contrast, the D-D factors give only a minor contribution to the Mott transition.

DOI
10.1143/jpsj.80.084705

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The mechanism of Mott transition in the Hubbard model on the square lattice is studied without explicit introduction of magnetic and superconducting correlations, using a variational Monte Carlo method. In the trial wave functions, we consider various types of binding factors between a doubly-occupied site (doublon, D) and an empty site (holon, H), like a long-range type as well as a conventional nearest-neighbor type, and add independent long-range D-D (H-H) factors. It is found that a wide choice of D-H binding factor leads to Mott transitions at critical values near the band width. We renew the D-H binding picture of Mott transitions by introducing two characteristic length scales, the D-H binding length l_{DH} and the minimum D-D distance l_{DD}, which we appropriately estimate. A Mott transition takes place at l_{DH}=l_{DD}. In the metallic regime (l_{DH}>l_{DD}), the domains of D-H pairs overlap with one another, thereby doublons and holons can move independently by exchanging the partners one after another. In contrast, the D-D factors give only a minor contribution to the Mott transition.
To understand the mechanism of Mott transitions in case of no magnetic influence, superfluid-insulator (Mott) transitions in the S=0 Bose Hubbard model at unit filling are studied on the square and triangular lattices, using a variational Monte Carlo method. In trial many-body wave functions, we introduce various types of attractive correlation factors between a doubly-occupied site (doublon, D) and an empty site (holon, H), which play a central role for Mott transitions, in addition to the onsite repulsive (Gutzwiller) factor. By optimizing distance-dependent parameters, we study various properties of this type of wave functions. With a hint from the Mott transition arising in a completely D-H bound state, we propose an improved picture of Mott transitions, by introducing two characteristic length scales, the D-H binding length ξdhξ_{\rm dh}ξdh​ and the minimum D-D exclusion length ξddξ_{\rm dd}ξdd​. Generally, a Mott transition occurs when ξdhξ_{\rm dh}ξdh​ becomes comparable to ξddξ_{\rm dd}ξdd​. In the conductive (superfluid) state, domains of D-H pairs overlap with each other (ξdh>ξddξ_{\rm dh}>ξ_{\rm dd}ξdh​>ξdd​); thereby D and H can propagate independently as density carriers by successively exchanging the partners. In contrast, intersite repulsive Jastrow (D-D and H-H) factors have little importance for the Mott transition.
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We investigate the Mott transition in a two-dimensional two-orbital Hubbard model on a square lattice at half filling by using the variational Monte Carlo method. As a variational trial wave function, we consider Gutzwiller's on-site correlations and nearest-neighbor doublon-holon correlations. We calculate the ground-state energy and the other physical quantities, all of which clearly signal a first-order Mott transition. We thus obtain the phase diagram at zero temperature, where we find the coexistence region of the metal and the Mott insulator. We discuss how Hund's coupling affects the nature of the Mott transition in this system.
With the high-Tc cuprates in mind, properties of correlated d-wave superconducting (SC) states are studied for a Hubbard model on square lattices with a diagonal transfer (t-t’-U model), using a variational Monte Carlo method. We employ a simple wave function, which includes crucial parameters, in particular, a doublon-holon (D-H) binding factor important for correlated SC and normal states as doped Mott insulators. We first check that the range of dominant superconductivity is limited to a strongly correlated regime (U>W, U: onsite correlation strength, W: band width), and coincides with the effective range of the D-H binding factors. In this range of U/t and δ (doping rate), holons (in hole-doped cases) are classified into two types: doped holons and ones created as D-H pairs. Only the former holons participate in current, whereas the latter contribute to singlet-pair formation. Next, we show that the SC properties undergo a crossover at U=Uco∼W. For U<Uco, the behavior is appropriately interpreted with the conventional BCS mechanism, whereas for U>Uco (the regime of cuprates), a new idea is needed to understand the peculiar SC behavior.
We argue that the binding between doubly occupied (doublon) and empty (holon) sites governs incoherent excitations and plays a key role in the Mott transition in strongly correlated Mott-Hubbard systems. We construct a new saddle-point solution with doublon-holon binding in the Kotliar-Ruckenstein slave-boson functional integral formulation of the Hubbard model. On a half-filled honeycomb lattice and square lattice, the ground state is found to exhibit a continuous transition from a paramagnetic semimetal/metal to an antiferromagnetic-ordered Slater insulator with coherent quasiparticles at Uc1{U}_{c1}Uc1​, followed by a Mott transition into an electron-fractionalized AF∗{}^{*}∗ phase without coherent excitations at Uc2{U}_{c2}Uc2​. Such a phase structure appears to be generic for bipartite lattices without frustration. We show that doublon-holon binding unites the three important ideas of strong correlation: coherent quasiparticles, incoherent Hubbard bands, and deconfined Mott insulator.
Dynamics in a triangular-lattice Hubbard model is studied at half filling on the basis of the cluster dynamical mean field theory. Numerical calculations use a solver of the continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo method based on the strong-coupling expansion. We examine the change in the nearest-neighbor dynamical correlations of doublon and holon in the time domain with varying the Coulomb repulsion near the Mott transition. We demonstrate that the nearest-neighbor doublon-holon pair shows a strong attractive correlation, particularly in the insulating phase, while the nearest-neighbor doublon-doublon pair shows a repulsive correlation. Useful information is provided by the trajectories in the complex plane of the dynamical correlation functions. The short-time dynamics of the nearest-neighbor doublon and holon in the metallic phase indicates larger fluctuations than in the insulating phase. Their trajectories in the complex plane show that the short-time dynamics of the doublon-holon pair has an opposite behavior to that of the doublon-doublon pair. We find that their time scale of dynamics can be characterized by the period in which the phase rotates π around the long-time limit in both phases. In the long-time region, fluctuations persist up to a very long time in the metallic phase, while they quickly vanish in the insulating phase.