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arXiv:1103.3996 · Physical Review Letters

Few-Body Bound States in Dipolar Gases and Their Detection

Bernhard Wünsch, Nikolaj Thomas Zinner, Igor B. Mekhov, Sheng-Jie Huang, Daw-Wei Wang, Eugene Demler

Published Aug 9, 2011• 54 citations
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Abstract

We consider dipolar interactions between heteronuclear molecules in a low-dimensional setup consisting of two one-dimensional tubes. We demonstrate that attraction between molecules in different tubes can overcome intratube repulsion and complexes with several molecules in the same tube are stable. In situ detection schemes of the few-body complexes are proposed. We discuss extensions to many tubes and layers, and outline the implications on many-body physics.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.107.073201

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We consider dipolar interactions between heteronuclear molecules in a low-dimensional setup consisting of two one-dimensional tubes. We demonstrate that attraction between molecules in different tubes can overcome intratube repulsion and complexes with several molecules in the same tube are stable. In situ detection schemes of the few-body complexes are proposed. We discuss extensions to many tubes and layers, and outline the implications on many-body physics.
We consider dipolar interactions between heteronuclear molecules in low-dimensional geometries. The setup consists of two one-dimensional tubes. We study the stability of possible few-body complexes in the regime of repulsive intratube interaction, where the binding arises from intertube attraction. The stable dimers, trimers, and tetramers are found and we discuss their properties for both bosonic and fermionic molecules. To observe these complexes we propose an optical nondestructive detection scheme that enables in situ observation of the creation and dissociation of the few-body complexes. A detailed description of the expected signal of such measurements is given using the numerically calculated wave functions of the bound states. We also discuss implications on the many-body physics of dipolar systems in tubular geometries, as well as experimental issues related to the external harmonic confinement along the tube and the prospect of applying an in-tube optical lattice to increase the effective dipole strength.
The research in this dissertation is devoted to few-body bound state physics in experimentally relevant systems of trapped atoms and molecules. First, the complexes of tubes containing dipoles are considered. The tubes are assumed to have zero width such that one-dimensional treatment can be applied. For this setup few-body bound structures are found for different polarization an- gles and dipole strengths by using stochastic variational methods. After that a similar analysis is provided for two-dimensional planes filled with dipolar par- ticles. At the end of the thesis, a system of particles in one-dimensional traps is analyzed assuming that two-body interactions are of zero range. It is shown that such a system is solvable in the limit of infinitely strong repulsion between particles.
We consider one-dimensional tubes containing bosonic polar molecules. The long-range dipole–dipole interactions act both within a single tube and between different tubes. We consider arbitrary values of the externally aligned dipole moments with respect to the symmetry axis of the tubes. The few-body structures in this geometry are determined as a function of polarization angles and dipole strength by using both essentially exact stochastic variational methods and the harmonic approximation. The main focus is on the three-, four- and five-body problems in two or more tubes. Our results indicate that in the weakly coupled limit the intertube interaction is similar to a zero-range term with a suitable rescaled strength. This allows us to address the corresponding many-body physics of the system by constructing a model where bound chains with one molecule in each tube are the effective degrees of freedom. This model can be mapped onto one-dimensional Hamiltonians for which exact solutions are known.
Bound structures among dipolar molecules in multilayers are a topic of great interest in the light of recent experiments that have demonstrated the feasibility of the setup. While it is known that two molecules in two adjacent layers will always bind, larger complexes have only been scarcely addressed thus far. Here we prove rigorously that three- and four-body states will never be bound when the dipoles are oriented perpendicular to the layers. The technique employed is general and can be used for more molecules or layers and other geometries. Our analytical findings are supported by numerical calculations for both fermionic and bosonic molecules. Furthermore, we calculate the reduction in intralayer repulsion necessary to bind large complexes and estimate the influence of bound complexes in systems with many layers.
Few-body bound states have been extensively explored in cold atomic gases with a desire to realize large molecular complexes. Here, we investigate the formation of trimers in an infinite one-dimensional lattice with hard-core two- and three-body interactions of relevance to Rydberg atoms and polar molecules in optical lattices, and other physical systems such as the fractional Hall states. We determine the stability regions for attractively and repulsively bound trimers. We discover a regime of large spatially extended trimers that are stabilized by the interplay of attractive two-body, UUU , and repulsive three-body, VVV , interactions and persist despite extremely large VVV. These bound states present a new direction in the search for large few-body complexes in cold atoms.
We study few-body problems in mixed dimensions where two or three heavy atoms are trapped individually in parallel one-dimensional tubes or two-dimensional disks and a single light atom travels freely in three dimensions. Using the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, we find three- and four-body bound states for a broad parameter region. Specifically, the existence of trimer and tetramer states persists to the negative scattering length regime, where no two-body bound state is present. As pointed out by Y. Nishida in an earlier work [Phys. Rev. A 82, 011605(R) (2010)], these few-body bound states are stable against three-body recombination due to geometric separation. In addition, we find that the binding energy of the ground trimer and tetramer state reaches its maximum value when the scattering lengths are comparable to the separation between the low-dimensional traps.