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arXiv:1102.3573 · Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Efficient Grover search with Rydberg blockade

Klaus Mølmer, Larry Isenhower, Mark E. Saffman

Published Sep 14, 2011• 54 citations
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Abstract

We present efficient methods to implement the quantum computing Grover search algorithm using the Rydberg blockade interaction. We show that simple π-pulse excitation sequences between ground and Rydberg excited states readily produce the key conditional phase shift and inversion-about-the-mean unitary operations for the Grover search. Multi-qubit implementation schemes suitable for different properties of the atomic interactions are identified and the error scaling of the protocols with system size is found to be promising for experimental investigation.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/44/18/184016

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We present efficient methods to implement the quantum computing Grover search algorithm using the Rydberg blockade interaction. We show that simple π-pulse excitation sequences between ground and Rydberg excited states readily produce the key conditional phase shift and inversion-about-the-mean unitary operations for the Grover search. Multi-qubit implementation schemes suitable for different properties of the atomic interactions are identified and the error scaling of the protocols with system size is found to be promising for experimental investigation.
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Currently,the NMR technology is one of the effective physical systems to realize quantum computation.As the multiple-quantum operator algebra theory mentions,any unitary transformation can be decomposed into a sequence of a limited number of one-qubit quantum gates and two-qubit diagonal gates.Based on these backgrounds,we propose a method to form NMR pulse sequences to realize the multi-qubit Grover quantum search algorithm.Experiments finish the algorithm with three-qubit,on a Quantum Computer Emulator.
Using resonant interaction of three Rydberg atoms with a single-mode microwave cavity, we consider a realization of the three-qubit Grover search algorithm in the presence of weak cavity decay, based on a previous idea for a three-qubit quantum gate [Chen et al., Phys. Rev. A 73, 064304 (2006)]. We simulate the searching process under the influence of the cavity decay and show that our scheme could be achieved efficiently to find a marked state with high fidelity. The required operations are very close to the capabilities of current cavity QED techniques.
Grover's quantum search algorithm, involving a large number of qubits, is highly sensitive to errors in the physical implementation of the unitary operators. This poses an intrinsic limitation to the size of the database that can be practically searched. The lack of robustness of Grover's algorithm for a large number of qubits is due to quite stringent "phase-matching" condition. To overcome this limitation, Tulsi suggested a modified search algorithm [PRA 78, 022332] which succeeds as long as the errors are reproducible and reversible while Grover's algorithm fails. Such systematic errors arise often from imperfections in apparatus setup e.g. the errors arising from imperfect pulse calibration and offset effect in NMR systems. In this paper, we report the experimental NMR implementation of the modified search algorithm and its comparison with the original Grover's algorithm. We experimentally validate the theoretical predictions made by Tulsi.
Grover’s algorithm harnesses the power of quantum computing to swiftly locate specific elements in an unstructured database, outperforming classical computers in tasks like database searching. This algorithm capitalizes on the unique ability of qubits to be in both 0 and 1 states simultaneously (superposition), allowing it to scan the entire search space at once. It then boosts the probability of the target element, making it more prominent. While the foundational concepts of Grover’s algorithm are well-documented, practical implementation using quantum operators, especially for large search spaces, remains less explored beyond basic examples with a small number of qubits. Existing general synthesis techniques often involve numerous operators or are time-consuming. Our proposed methods specifically address the amplitude-amplification component of Grover’s algorithm for any size of search space. These methods detail the required types and quantities of qubits and operators, emphasizing minimal usage and efficient assembly. Developed and evaluated in Python, our methods consistently identified target elements with over 95% accuracy and achieved configurations comparably compact as those in the existing literature but at a faster pace. We anticipate that these methods facilitate practical implementations of Grover’s algorithm across various domains.