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arXiv:1102.1268 · Quantum Information and Computation

The monomial representations of the Clifford group

D. M. Appleby, Ingemar Bengtsson, STEPHEN D. BRIERLEY, Markus Grassl, David Gross, Jan-Åke Larsson

Published May 1, 2012• 19 citations
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Abstract

We show that the Clifford group---the normaliser of the Weyl-Heisenberg group---can be represented by monomial phase-permutation matrices if and only if the dimension is a square number. This simplifies expressions for SIC vectors, and has other applications to SICs and to Mutually Unbiased Bases. Exact solutions for SICs in dimension 16 are presented for the first time.

DOI
10.26421/qic12.5-6-3

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Abstract For over a decade, there has been intensive work on the numerical and analytic construction of SICs ( d 2 equiangular lines in ) as an orbit of the Heisenberg group. The Clifford group, which consists of the unitary matrices which normalise the Heisenberg group, plays a key role in these constructions. All of the known fiducial (generating) vectors for such SICs are eigenvectors of symplectic operations in the Clifford group with canonical order 3. Here we describe the Clifford group and the subgroup of symplectic operations in terms of a natural set of generators. From this, we classify all its elements of canonical order three. In particular, we show (contrary to prior claims) that there are symplectic operations of canonical order 3 for , which are not conjugate to the Zauner matrix. It is as yet unknown whether these give rise to SICs.

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We show that the Clifford group---the normaliser of the Weyl-Heisenberg group---can be represented by monomial phase-permutation matrices if and only if the dimension is a square number. This simplifies expressions for SIC vectors, and has other applications to SICs and to Mutually Unbiased Bases. Exact solutions for SICs in dimension 16 are presented for the first time.
The finite Heisenberg group knows when the dimension of Hilbert space is a square number. Remarkably, it then admits a representation such that the entire Clifford group --- the automorphism group of the Heisenberg group --- is represented by monomial phase-permutation matrices. This has a beneficial influence on the amount of calculation that must be done to find Symmetric Informationally Complete POVMs. I make some comments on the equations obeyed by the absolute values of the components of the SIC vectors, and on the fact that the representation partly suggests a preferred tensor product structure.
The finite Heisenberg group knows when the dimension of Hilbert space is a square number. Remarkably, it then admits a representation such that the entire Clifford group—the automorphism group of the Heisenberg group—is represented by monomial phase‐permutation matrices. This has a beneficial influence on the amount of calculation that must be done to find Symmetric Informationally Complete POVMs. I make some comments on the equations obeyed by the absolute values of the components of the SIC vectors, and on the fact that the representation partly suggests a preferred tensor product structure.
It is known that if the dimension is a perfect square the Clifford group can be represented by monomial matrices. Another way of expressing this result is to say that when the dimension is a perfect square the standard representation of the Clifford group has a system of imprimitivity consisting of one dimensional subspaces. We generalize this result to the case of an arbitrary dimension. Let k be the square-free part of the dimension. Then we show that the standard representation of the Clifford group has a system of imprimitivity consisting of kkk-dimensional subspaces. To illustrate the use of this result we apply it to the calculation of SIC-POVMs (symmetric informationally complete positive operator valued measures), constructing exact solutions in dimensions 8 (hand-calculation) as well as 12 and 28 (machine-calculation).
It is known that if the dimension is a perfect square the Clifford group can be represented by monomial matrices. Another way of expressing this result is to say that when the dimension is a perfect square the standard representation of the Clifford group has a system of imprimitivity consisting of one dimensional subspaces. We generalize this result to the case of an arbitrary dimension. Let k be the square-free part of the dimension. Then we show that the standard representation of the Clifford group has a system of imprimitivity consisting of k-dimensional subspaces. To illustrate the use of this result we apply it to the calculation of SIC-POVMs (symmetric informationally complete positive operator valued measures), constructing exact solutions in dimensions 8 (hand-calculation) as well as 12 and 28 (machine-calculation).
Abstract For over a decade, there has been intensive work on the numerical and analytic construction of SICs ( d 2 equiangular lines in ) as an orbit of the Heisenberg group. The Clifford group, which consists of the unitary matrices which normalise the Heisenberg group, plays a key role in these constructions. All of the known fiducial (generating) vectors for such SICs are eigenvectors of symplectic operations in the Clifford group with canonical order 3. Here we describe the Clifford group and the subgroup of symplectic operations in terms of a natural set of generators. From this, we classify all its elements of canonical order three. In particular, we show (contrary to prior claims) that there are symplectic operations of canonical order 3 for , which are not conjugate to the Zauner matrix. It is as yet unknown whether these give rise to SICs.