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arXiv:1101.6068 · Physica Scripta

A two-dimensional permanent magnetic lattice for ultracold atoms

Amir Mohammadi, Saeed Ghanbari, Aref Pariz

Published Jun 5, 2013• 5 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We propose a new permanent magnetic lattice for creating periodic arrays of Ioffe-Pritchard permanent magnetic microtraps for holding and controlling ultracold atoms and Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs). Lattice can be designed on thin layer of magnetic films such as $Tb_6$$Gd_10$$Fe_{80}$$Co_4$. In details, we investigate single layer and two crossed layers of sawtooth magnetic patterns with thicknesses of 50 and 500nm respectively with a periodicity of 1$μ$m. Trap depth and frequencies can be changed via an applied bias field to handle tunneling rates between lattice sites. We present analytical expressions and using numerical calculations show that this lattice has non-zero potential minima to avoid majorana spin flips. One advantage of this lattice over previous ones is that it is easier to manufacture.

DOI
10.1088/0031-8949/88/01/015601

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We propose a new permanent magnetic lattice for creating periodic arrays of Ioffe-Pritchard permanent magnetic microtraps for holding and controlling ultracold atoms and Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs). Lattice can be designed on thin layer of magnetic films such as Tb_6$$Gd_10$$Fe_{80}$$Co_4. In details, we investigate single layer and two crossed layers of sawtooth magnetic patterns with thicknesses of 50 and 500nm respectively with a periodicity of 1μμμm. Trap depth and frequencies can be changed via an applied bias field to handle tunneling rates between lattice sites. We present analytical expressions and using numerical calculations show that this lattice has non-zero potential minima to avoid majorana spin flips. One advantage of this lattice over previous ones is that it is easier to manufacture.
We propose the use of periodic arrays of permanent magnetic films for producing magnetic lattices of microtraps for confining, manipulating and controlling small clouds of ultracold atoms and quantum degenerate gases. Using analytical expressions and numerical calculations we show that periodic arrays of magnetic films can produce one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) magnetic lattices with non-zero potential minima, allowing ultracold atoms to be trapped without losses due to spin flips. In particular, we show that two crossed layers of periodic arrays of parallel rectangular magnets plus bias fields, or a single layer of periodic arrays of square-shaped magnets with three different thicknesses plus bias fields, can produce 2D magnetic lattices of microtraps having non-zero potential minima and controllable trap depth. For arrays with micron-scale periodicity, the magnetic microtraps can have very large trap depths ($\sim$0.5 mK for the realistic parameters chosen for the 2D lattice) and very tight confinement.
We propose a new class of permanent magnetic lattices on an atom chip for producing 1D and 2D periodic arrays of Ioffe-Pritchard magnetic micro-traps with variable barrier height for trapping and manipulating ultracold atoms and Bose-Einstein condensates. The barrier height of the microtraps may be varied by changing a bias magnetic field. In one of the con gurations, we show how we can go from a 1D array of 2D microtraps to a 2D array of 3D microtraps by changing the angle between two crossed arrays of parallel rectangular magnets. Furthermore, by changing the angle between the crossed arrays of magnets, the barrier heights can be varied. This suggests the possibility of performing a type of 'mechanical' BEC to Mott insulator quantum phase transition in a permanent magnetic lattice.
We have realized a two-dimensional permanent magnetic lattice of Ioffe-Pritchard microtraps for ultracold atoms. The lattice is formed by a single $300\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{nm}$ magnetized layer of FePt, patterned using optical lithography. Our magnetic lattice consists of more than 15 000 tightly confining microtraps with a density of 1250traps∕mm21250\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{traps}∕{\mathrm{mm}}^{2}1250traps∕mm2. Simple analytical approximations for the magnetic fields produced by the lattice are used to derive relevant trap parameters. We load ultracold atoms into at least 30 lattice sites at a distance of approximately $10\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ from the film surface. The present result is an important first step toward quantum information processing with neutral atoms in magnetic lattice potentials.
A new method to implement an asymmetrical two-dimensional magnetic lattice is proposed. The asymmetrical two-dimensional magnetic lattice can be created by periodically distributing magnetic minima across the surface of magnetic thin film where the periodicity can be achieved by milling n×nn\times nn×n square holes on the surface of the film. The quantum device is proposed for trapping and confining ultracold atoms and quantum degenerate gases prepared in the low magnetic field seeking-state at low temperature, such as the Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) and ultracold fermions. We present detailed analysis of the analytical expressions and the numerical simulation procedure used to calculate the external magnetic field. We also, describe the magnetic band gap structure exhibited by the asymmetric effect of the magnetic minima and show some of the possible application. We analyze the effect of changing the characteristic parameters of the magnetic lattice, such as the separating periodicity length and the hole size along with the applications of the external magnetic bias fields to maintain and allocate a suitable non-zero magnetic local minima at effective zzz-distance above the thin film surface. Suitable values are shown which keep the trapped ultracold atoms away from the thermal Majorana spin-flip and the surface Casimir-Polder effect.
We report on a class of configurations of permanent magnets on an atom chip for producing 1D and 2D periodic arrays of magnetic microtraps with non-zero potential minima and variable barrier height for trapping and manipulating ultracold atoms and quantum degenerate gases. We present analytical expressions for an infinite magnetic lattice for the relevant physical quantities and compare them with our numerical results. In one of the configurations of permanent magnets, we show how it is possible by changing the angle between the crossed periodic arrays of magnets to go from a 1D array of 2D microtraps to a 2D array of 3D microtraps and thus to continuously vary the barrier heights between the microtraps.
We propose and analyze a trilayer permanent magnetic lattice formed by two patterned magnetic films, each containing a two-dimensional array of square holes, generating three distinct two-dimensional arrays of three-dimensional microtraps with nonzero minima, thereby suppressing Majorana spin-flip losses. Analytical expressions for key trapping parameters are derived and show good agreement with numerical calculations. A bias magnetic field enables tunable control of trap frequencies, depths, and modulation amplitudes. We find that the interlayer region supports higher trap frequencies than the outer layers, and that the confinement properties depend sensitively on the separation distance between the films. The trilayer architecture enables vertical confinement engineering, allowing precise three-dimensional positioning of traps and independent control of trap curvatures in the central and outer regions, including the formation of an interlayer potential with enhanced confinement. Owing to its stability, low decoherence, and experimental feasibility, the proposed lattice provides a promising platform for the manipulation of ultracold atoms and potential applications in quantum information processing.