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arXiv:1101.5665

Integral Transforms in Relativistic Quantum Constraint Mechanics

Ducharme, Robert J.

Published Jan 29, 2011• 0 citations
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Abstract

In relativistic quantum constraint mechanics the state of a physical system is constrained to a 3-dimensional subspace of Minkowski 4-space. Fourier transformation can be used to relate this state between constraint spaces in 4-position and 4-momentum space. It is shown that integral transforms of this nature can be carried out using Lorentz-invariant 3-dimensional constraint space coordinates such that a complete equivalence class of 4-space representations can be constructed from the transform. This method is further applied to develop a relativistic generalization of the Segal-Bargmann transformation that leads to the representation of quantum systems in a three-dimensional subspace of Bargmann 4-space.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1101.5665

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In relativistic quantum constraint mechanics the state of a physical system is constrained to a 3-dimensional subspace of Minkowski 4-space. Fourier transformation can be used to relate this state between constraint spaces in 4-position and 4-momentum space. It is shown that integral transforms of this nature can be carried out using Lorentz-invariant 3-dimensional constraint space coordinates such that a complete equivalence class of 4-space representations can be constructed from the transform. This method is further applied to develop a relativistic generalization of the Segal-Bargmann transformation that leads to the representation of quantum systems in a three-dimensional subspace of Bargmann 4-space.
A phase space representation is defined for quantum mechanical state functions. General requirements of quantum mechanics and some additional, very reasonable restrictions lead to a representation that is uniquely determined apart from a scaling. With one choice of this scaling, the representation is equivalent to that of Bargmann, although different aspects are emphasized here. Equivalence between position and momentum representations leads to a phase space representation that is invariant to, or at most rescaled by, Fourier transform. Phase space equivalents of some common functions are presented including Cartesian Gaussian basis functions and the hydrogen atom ground state function.
Two related problems in relativistic quantum mechanics, the apparent superluminal propagation of initially localized particles, and the dependence of their localization on the motion of the observer, are analyzed in the context of the theory of constraints. Time and energy operators are introduced for the free relativistic particle, and a parametrization invariant formulation is obtained through Dirac constraint theory. The resulting description is of a system constrained in momentum and energy, but not in position or time, for which observables are constants of the motion. The Klein-Gordon equation is recovered on a physical Hilbert space, constructed via integration over the proper time from an augmented Hilbert space, wherein time and energy are dynamical variables...
In this paper a new formulation of quantum dynamics of totally constrained systems is developed, in which physical quantities representing time are included as observables. In this formulation the hamiltonian constraints are imposed on a relative probability amplitude functional Ψ which determines the relative probability for each state to be observed, instead of on the state vectors as in the conventional Dirac quantization. This leads to a foliation of the state space by linear manifolds on each of which Ψ is constant, and dynamics is described as linear mappings among acausal subspaces which are transversal to these linear manifolds. This is a quantum analogue of the classical statistical dynamics of totally constrained systems developed in the previous paper. It is shown that if the von Neumann algebra C generated by constants of motion is of type I, Ψ can be consistently normalizable on the acausal subspaces on which a factor subalgebra of C is represented irreducibly, and the mappings among these acausal subspaces are conformal. How the formulation works is illustrated by simple totally constrained systems with a single constraint such as the parametrized quantum mechanics, a relativistic free particle in Minkowski and curved spacetimes, and a simple minisuperspace model. It is pointed out that the inner product of the relative probability amplitudes induced from the original Hilbert space picks up a special decomposition of the wave functions to the positive and the negative frequency modes.
Lorentz boosts applied to particles with spin and momentum degrees of freedom induce momentum-dependent rotations. As, in general, different particles have different momenta, the transformation of the whole state is not a representation of the rotation group. Here we identify the group that acts on a two-particle system and, for the case where the momenta of the particles are correlated, find invariant subspaces that have interesting properties for quantum information processes in relativistic scenarios. A basis of states for the study of transformations of spin states under Lorentz boosts is proposed, which is a good candidate for use in building quantum communication protocols in relativistic scenarios.