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arXiv:1101.3610

Density fluctuations and compressibility matrix for population or mass imbalanced Fermi-Fermi mixtures

Kangjun Seo, C. A. R. Sá de Melo

Published Jan 19, 2011• 1 citation
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Abstract

We describe the relation between the isothermal atomic compressibility and density fluctuations in mixtures of two-component fermions with population or mass imbalance. We derive a generalized version of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem which is valid for both balanced and imbalanced Fermi-Fermi mixtures. Furthermore, we show that the compressibility, its critical exponents, and phase boundaries can be extracted via an analysis of the density fluctuations as a function of population imbalance, interaction parameter or temperature. Lastly, we demonstrate that in the presence of trapping potentials, the local compressibility and local density-density correlations can be extracted via a generalized fluctuation-dissipation theorem valid within the local density approximation.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1101.3610

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We describe the relation between the isothermal atomic compressibility and density fluctuations in mixtures of two-component fermions with population or mass imbalance. We derive a generalized version of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem which is valid for both balanced and imbalanced Fermi-Fermi mixtures. Furthermore, we show that the compressibility, its critical exponents, and phase boundaries can be extracted via an analysis of the density fluctuations as a function of population imbalance, interaction parameter or temperature. Lastly, we demonstrate that in the presence of trapping potentials, the local compressibility and local density-density correlations can be extracted via a generalized fluctuation-dissipation theorem valid within the local density approximation.
We describe the relation between the isothermal atomic compressibility and density fluctuations in mixtures of two-component fermions with population or mass imbalance. We derive a generalized version of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem which is valid for both balanced and imbalanced Fermi-Fermi mixtures. Furthermore, we show that critical exponents for the compressibility can be extracted via an analysis of the density fluctuations when phase transitions occur as a function of population imbalance or interaction parameter. In addition, we demonstrate that in the presence of trapping potentials, the local compressibility, local spin-susceptibility and local density-density correlations can be extracted from experimental data via a generalized local fluctuation-dissipation theorem which is valid beyond the local density approximation. Lastly, we use the local density approximation to calculate theoretically the local compressibility, local spin-susceptibility and local density-density fluctuations to compare with experimental results as they become available.
A detailed description is given of the phase diagram for a two-component unitary Fermi gas with mass and population imbalance, for both homogeneous and trapped systems. This aims at providing quantitative benchmarks for the normal-to-superfluid phase transition of a mass-imbalanced Fermi gas in the temperature-polarization parameter space. A self-consistent ttt-matrix approach is adopted, which has already proven to accurately describe the thermodynamic properties of the mass- and population-balanced unitary Fermi gas. Our results provide a guideline for the ongoing experiments on heteronuclear Fermi mixtures.
We consider a homogeneous Bose-Fermi mixture, with the boson-fermion interaction tuned by a Fano-Feshbach resonance, in the presence of mass and density imbalance between the two species. By using many-body diagrammatic methods, we first study the finite-temperature phase diagram for the specific case of the mass-imbalanced mixture 87{}^{87}87Rb-40{}^{40}40K for different values of the density imbalance. We then analyze the quantum phase transition associated with the disappearance at zero temperature of the boson condensate above a critical boson-fermion coupling. We find a pronounced dependence of the critical coupling on the mass ratio and a weak dependence on the density imbalance. For a vanishingly small boson density, we derive, within our approximation, the asymptotic expressions for the critical coupling in the limits of small and large mass ratios. These expressions are relevant also for the polaron-molecule transition in a Fermi mixture at small and large mass ratios. The analysis of the momentum distribution functions at sufficiently large density imbalances shows an interesting effect in the bosonic momentum distribution due to the simultaneous presence of composite fermions and unpaired fermions.
The density distributions of the two components of a trapped, ultracold Fermi gas with population imbalance reveal the effect of imbalance on superfluid pairing. We develop a path-integral derivation of the density, that takes into account both fluctuations beyond mean-field and effects of nonzero temperature. The calculated density profiles compare favorably to the measured density profiles, and illustrate the necessity to incorporate both quantum fluctuations and finite temperature effects. The temperature dependence of the density profiles, especially near the superfluid-normal interface, allows for determining the temperature of the superfluid core in current experiments.
We study mass-imbalanced two-component Fermi mixtures, where one of the components consists of dipolar fermions. We specifically study the mass imbalances corresponding to the atomic 163{}^{163}163Dy-40{}^{40}40K and 53{}^{53}53Cr-6{}^{6}6Li mixtures. We study the onset of the sss-wave superfluid phase, as a function of population imbalance and the dipolar interaction strength. We find the critical temperature and the Fermi surface deformations at the transition to depend on the dipolar interaction strength, where the critical temperature increases (decreases) with dipolar interaction strength for a majority (minority) of dipolar atoms. We present momentum distributions of both components where the Fermi surface deformations are visible.
Thermodynamics of degenerate Fermi gases has been extensively studied through various aspects such as Pauli blocking effects, collective modes, BCS superfluidity, and more. Despite this, multicomponent fermions with imbalanced spin configurations remain largely unexplored, particularly beyond the two-component scenario. In this Letter, we generalize the thermodynamic study of SU(N) fermions to spin-imbalanced configurations based on density fluctuations. Theoretically, we provide closed-form expressions of density fluctuation across all temperature ranges for general spin population setups. Experimentally, after calibrating the measurements with deeply degenerate ^{173}Yb Fermi gases under spin-balanced configurations (N≤6), we examine the density fluctuations in spin-imbalanced systems. Specifically, we investigate two-species and four-species configurations to validate our theoretical predictions. Our analysis indicates that interaction enhancement effects can be significant even in highly spin-imbalanced systems. Finally, as an application, we use this approach to examine the decoherence process. Our Letter provides a deeper understanding of the thermodynamic features of spin-imbalanced multicomponent Fermi gases and opens new avenues for exploring complex quantum many-body systems.